Change of Audience †Letter to Peer

Three skills an Administrative Medical Assistant needs to possess are planning, strategy and effective communication. Planning is a criterion that is required in the job description of a medical assistant. Medical Assistants should be able to plan appointments for the specified times needed for the availability a patient needs. Medical assistants should also be able to plan well for ordering medical supplies, if a medical assistant does not have planning or organizational skills the company he or she is working for will be out supplies and cannot care for the patients or use the materials needed to complete everyday tasks.Strategy is a skill that medical assistants need to possess in everyday job experiences. Strategy is something that every person uses on a day to day basis. A good medical assistant should be able to strategize to achieve any goal he or she desires. Working in the medical field there are chaotic days that a person needs to be able to make quick and accurate decision s within an instant. Medical assistants need to be able to strategize each course of action he or she needs to decides and it needs to be accurate and effective because the company is in stake of each strategic decision.Communication is a skills that every person possess however to be a good medical assistant effective communication is important. Medical assistants use communication at the office answering phones, planning patient’s appointments, and greeting patients with professional hospitability. The medical assistant is the first person a patient see’s when entering the office everyday therefore a medical assistant needs to possess the abilities to understand, listen and control the behavior of other individuals and groups.Medical assistants should be understanding of patient’s complaints and should have the ability to be a good listener and give professional feedback to the patients. Patients sometimes need someone other than family members and friends to listen and understand their problems and situations and as a professional healthcare employee medical assistants need to possess these skills.

Reading Entertainment Books Is a Waste of Time

Some parents believe that reading entertainment books is a waste of time for children, they should only read educational books. What is your opinion? Give your reasons and include your own or relative experience. It is recently asserted that instead of reading entertainment books, children should only read the educational books due to entertainment books waste children time, it is my personal belief that this assertion is built on the weak ground. There have following reasons for my opinion. One very strong argument is that entertainment book is better for children to acknowledge learning. or one thing, entertainment book will carry more information which not only include traditional educational, but also have more other essential acknowledge, such as imagination, Independent Thinking, a study carried out in more than 1000 school covering 1500 children between 7 to 15 years old show that educational book is mainly focus on examination and passively receiving â€Å"knowledge†, it is unbelievable if our children just receive education passively, they have not any idea about fresh thing in this world, more important, children need more opportunity to choice different book type, in other word, every people need receive a variety of acknowledge if they want to growth healthy in childhood, it is no doubt that single educational book can't fulfill the requirement of children. Another factor we have to consider is that children read entertainment books is beneficial to family, on the one hand, absolutely it is sweet time when parent company with children to read entertainment until children sleep, it is believe that children will have more strong safe feel when they are adult. On another hand, entertainment book will give more communication topics that will help to parent cross the gap between children. take me as an example, I am used to read my son's entertainment books due to some internet word or sentence I need learn from these books, thus my son think his father is same kind guy because we have same language and we have good communication result based on entertainment book, it is impossible if we just talk about educational book. in conclusion, children should read some entertainment books due to it is not waste time, instead, it have positive influence on children growth and family building.

Dad I Got a Dui

Dad I†¦.. â€Å"Dad I got a DUI. † When those words finally came out of my mouth I felt like a huge weight was lifted off of my shoulders but at the same time I felt ashamed and like a giant failure. It was finally Friday and it had been a long week. I was ready to get home and start priming for the night. I bought an eighteen on the way home from sunmart, the local grocery store. Once I stepped in the door to my apartment I ripped open the case and quickly guzzled that first beer. I kicked off my heavy steel toed boots and rested my feet on the coffee table. By this time I was almost halfway through my second beer. I had a good feeling about the night and I was ready to party. I looked at my cell phone and it was about five o’clock. I figured that I could use some company so I started dialing. After a few short calls I convinced a couple of friends to come over and relax with me. They loved the fact that I had a fake ID because I could buy them alcohol so they wouldn’t have to spend half of the night wondering how they were going to get something to drink like we used to do in high school all the time. It felt so good to be off of my feet after standing all day at school. It also felt good to have a cold beer in my hand even though I wasn’t old enough to be in possession of alcohol. My first drink was at the age of 16 but I didn’t become a weekend drinker until I was about seventeen and a half years old. I wasn’t a wild or bad kid by any means, drinking was just something that we as friends did when we hung out. I had been caught drinking one time before by the cops and I ended up getting an MIP out of the deal. I guess an MIP wasn’t enough to get me to stop drinking at that time. I figured that a lot of my friends had them so what the heck, I paid the fine and never told Mom or Dad. After channel surfing for a while I decided that I better shower before my friends got over, plus I was counting on meeting a girl later in the night that I had been talking to for a while. I reeked of diesel fuel from working around tractors all day at school. It was good to get that smell off of me. The place needed to be picked up so when I got dressed I cleaned up some stuff that was left over from the last party that we had. Lucky me, my roommate never seemed to help out with the cleaning duties. I often thought about the consequences of underage drinking. I think I thought I was invincible even though I already had one MIP. There where lots of times where I had been drinking and then decided to drive home or to go meet a girl somewhere. I had been very lucky so far with not getting pulled over by the cops. After all the lectures and lessons that my parents had given me you would have thought that I would know better than to drink and drive by this time. My friends showed up and the drinking games began. I had gone to Home Depot the week before and gotten all the necessary items to make a beer bong so that’s how the beers were getting down tonight. Everyone was having a fun time and I had gone through about 14 beers by the time ten o’clock rolled around. Someone had heard about a big party on the other side of town and everyone wanted to leave and go there. I wasn’t interested, I had other things on my mind. She was 5’1†, dark hair, had an olive tint to her skin, and was smoking hot! I met her at a house party a couple weekends past. Her skin shined in the light like a car that just got a wax job. We started talking and just happened to hit it off. All of my friends took off for the party and I left to see my new friend at her place. Little did I know I wouldn’t get to see her that night. On the way to her house I took a wrong turn down a one way street and there was a police officer headed right at me, easy catch for them. I remember trying to drink the rest of my beer before the officer took it from me. I went through a series of sobriety tests that I don’t remember doing, and then it was off to detox in the back of the cop car. My room at detox had a rubber floor like a playground does so kids don’t hurt as much when they fall. The only things in the room were a cold stainless steel toilet and a padded matt for me to lie on. I can’t recall much of the rest of the night except for the one friend that I had the cops call couldn’t pick me up because he was drunk too. I was too scared to call my parents, I figured I would wait to tell them the bad news. Eventually a friend of a friend came and took me to my Apartment. $2700 later, a good ass chewing from my parents, the loss of a scholarship and a job, I learned my lesson about drinking and driving. Dad didn’t yell at me that night, he talked to me in a calm but disappointed manner. I have never been so scared and relieved at the same time in my life than I was that night. And for the girl, well it didn’t work out.

DPP Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

DPP 2 - Assignment Example The document has about 3000 words excluding the appendices with the following subsections: This report is going to analyse my competencies and skills acquired from my postgraduate academic studies and its applicability to the workplace environment. I decided to pursue postgraduate studies to further my studies and advance my intellectual and cognitive skills together with particular techniques relevant to a business environment and a managerial level position. After my postgraduate studies, I plan to join the corporate world and at the same time continue pursuing my PhD. PDP is extremely imperative because it can help you develop and enhance the skills that you already possess or those skills that you require to enable you to be responsible for your personal learning, development and advancing into the corporate world. In addition, the types of jobs that majority of graduates want demand that they possess some skills and qualities that can support them in discharging their duties at their places of work. This is where PDP plays a great role in nurturing and helping them acquire and enhance their skills. PDP either was introduce into the institutions of higher learning to enable students plan their long-term and short-term goals and determine the means of achieving them through planned and structured ways. PDP also helps to reflect back on your personal achievements and learning to help plan your path of career (Cottrell, 2003). Finally, through my PDP, I have realized that I have strengths that I need to work on and enhance if I am going to be recognized as an asset at my work environment. Through my project management, I realized that I have such strengths as: I am a positive thinker, plays management role when in a team like leadership, communication recognized through well coordination of my SDG, explorative through research, team builder, and critical thinker and reflective realized through my term and

The Social Impact of Economic Crises Research Proposal

The Social Impact of Economic Crises - Research Proposal Example Most of the economic problems were attributed to World War I. In the aftermath, economies were trying to recover from the losses while nations in Europe strived to repay the debts acquired in the war. The United States was affected by the depression to a large extent and it ended just before the beginning of Second World War which again led to enormous spending to finance the war. Its impact affected the social lives of people even long after it ended. In a bid to conquer the impact of the great depression, President Roosevelt of the United States established a peace time strategy which had wide transformation within the free trade structure thereby encouraging the formation of the welfare states. The government would intervene in to socio-economic activities with the aim of assisting the citizens at a wider perspective. After the great depression, the government and the citizens learned to appreciate the role of the government in ensuring the welfare of the people as well in economi c development. The programs created by President Roosevelt culminated in political alliances. These alliances were important in the eventual formation of the Democratic Party. The depression played a significant role in shaping the lives of many Americans. None of them would like a repeat of the suffering that they underwent within that period. They could now see the need to save money for future use. This ended up improving their asset ownership in order to secure property that could assist them in such difficult times.

How Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs (1992) influenced by the French Essay

How Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs (1992) influenced by the French New Wave - Essay Example In the film, Tarantino cuts some scenes and moves to other scenes in a manner that the audience is able to note that some scenes are not there. The Reservoir Dogs has a non-linear narration just like the French New Wave films. This is evident where Tarantino introduces the past life of some characters and then comes back to the present. The Reservoir Dogs film also makes references to films produced earlier including Get Christie Love and The Lost Boys films. The referencing of films produced earlier, in a film was a common characteristic of the French New Wave films (Conard, 2008, p.108). In terms of the formal elements of the film, the film employed the on-location shooting concept. Tarantino shoots about a quarter of an hour in one particular location and entry of new character in the scene happens without cutting of the shot. According to Neupert (2007, p.39) the French New Wave films were produced on a low-budget and location of shooting was not costly. The use of handheld cameras which was also a popular concept during the French New Wave can also be seen in the Tarantino’s

Generation Limbo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Generation Limbo - Essay Example The current job crisis is a problem that requires critical thinking. To deal with this reality, I will have an open mind concerning which job I can do. I will have to accept any kind of work outside law field. In the event that nothing is forthcoming, I will initiate personal project, for example, open a fast food shop. I believe trying my hand at entrepreneurship will help me to face the problem of job crisis bravely. With the current state of the job market, no single graduate feels safe after graduating because of dwindling job opportunities. Like any other graduate, I must admit that I am very anxious and stressed at the same time about my future. I have invested a lot in education and failing to get a job would be very disastrous. In my opinion, college can help graduates by forming an alliance with various employers so that when students graduate, they can have direct links to potential employers. Also, establishing guidance and counseling program to deal with unemployment challenges can help reduce the level of stress among

United Arab Emirates Law and How It Bacame United Essay

United Arab Emirates Law and How It Bacame United - Essay Example in the history of this strategic region, which later on flourished through the rearing of camels at the latter stages of the second millennium BC (Adias-uae.com). Additionally, at the beginning of the 1st century AD, overland caravan traffic begun between Syria and Southern Iraq cities. Furthermore, the existence of water prone transport to the important port of Omana, which is presently referred to as Umm al-Qaiwain, which later on ended up to India, came up. These routes played integral roles to the region since they were alternative transport zones to the Red Sea, which was mostly used by the Romans (UAE Interact). During the mid 19th Century, the United Arab Emirates economy was varied as a result of different population living in different areas and possessed different resources. Several industries came up in the UAE, including pearl fishing, dates, trade, fishing, handicraft and grazing. At this particular instance, the Bedouins and the fishermen enjoyed a simplistic type of li fe. The preceding years saw an important evolution in Abu Dhabi and Dubai due to pearl fishing and trade (Noack, 2007). The discovery of oil in Abu Dhabi in 1962 saw major transformation in the UAE. The oil boosted the economy of the UAE which ultimately made the Trucial States to gain political and national power, thus imposing adverse pressure on Britain, forcing it to withdraw from the region by 1968. This significant freedom made the rulers of the Emirates to hold a round table meeting and agree to form a union known as the United Arab Emirates in July 1971. The United Arab Emirates was formally established in on 2nd December 1971. Initially, the union was composed of six emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman Umm al-Quwain and Fujairah. Amazingly, Ras al-Khaimah joined the union... United Arab Emirates Law and How It Bacame United Though each emirate is governed by a hereditary emir, the seven emirates are governed by a single national president. The seven emirates are; Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Fujairah, Umm al-Quwain and Ras al-Khaimah. Abu Dhabi serves as the capital as well as being the state’s center of political, industrial and cultural activities. In 1971, prior to independence, the United Arab Emirates was referred to as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman. This was in reference to the truce entered between the local sheikhs, hereditary rulers and the United Kingdom in the 19th century. This paper is going to highlight the United Arab Emirates Law and how the seven principle emirates became united and formed a union called United Arab Emirates. United Arab Emirates History and Formation Sascha Noack asserts that archaeological evidence has some reasonable proof that there were settlements from as early as 4000BC. However, a population of high culture developed around 2500BC. Historical in dications suggest that the population has a major composition of Bedouins and fishermen. Prior to 1820 before the conclusion of a contract between the Great Britain and the Sheikhdoms of Abu Dhabi, Sharja, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, Umm al-Quwain and Ras al-Khaimah, the area was commonly referred to as Pirate Coast. while the UAE has a federal system of government, each emirate has its own ruler, has some degree of autonomy and can make its own laws, so long as they comply with the federal law.

Antigone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Antigone - Essay Example p.). Of course, there are many other issues present in this tragedy; however, this paper would try to focus on the issue of laws, specifically on what would have happened when there would be no balance between the law of the gods and the law of man. In this case, this paper would try to cite different passages in the tragedy that may help illustrate on how the law of the gods were treated with respect of the law man, and on what may be its effects on Greek society as represented in the text. Body One of the main preludes to the tragedy was the civil war that happened in Thebes. The main participants in the civil war, on which the victor would be able to control the throne, were the brothers Polyneices and Eteocles (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). However, both Polyneices and Eteocles where actually killed in the civil war, making way for Creon to actually occupy the throne (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). In this case, Creon actually decreed that Eteocles would be honored while Polynei ces would be publicly humiliated through depriving him of burial, leaving his body to worms and vultures (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). ... gh burying her alive in the cave (which was contrary to the law of the gods), starting the debate of Antigone and Creon on which law must actually be followed, the law of man (which is Creon’s law) or the law of the gods (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). According to Antigone, the law of Creon must not be followed and that she has the moral obligation to bury the body of her brother despite it being contrary to the law given by him, given that such kind of law actually runs in contrary to the laws of the gods, making the decree of Creon morally corrupt and against the will of the gods (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). According to Antigone, Yes; for it was not Zeus that had published me that edict; not such are the laws set among men by the justice who neither dwells with the gods below; nor deemed I that thy decrees were of such force, that a mortal could override the unwritten and unfailing statutes of heaven†¦Not through dread of any human pride could I answer to the gods for breaking these. Die I must—I knew that well (how should I not?)—even without thy edicts. But if I am to die before my time, I count that a gain: for when any one lives†¦can such any one find aught but gain in death? So for me to meet this doom is trifling grief; but if I had suffered my mother's son to lie in death an unburied corpse, that would have grieved me; for this, I am not grieved. And if my present deeds are foolish in thy sight, it may be that a foolish judge arraigns my folly. (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.) Despite such arguments by Antigone, however, Creon still stood ground in the law that he made, and even strengthened obedience to the law by creating a harsher punishment for Antigone (â€Å"Antigone† n. p.). In this case, Creon actually reasoned that there is no man that must be above law, or must

Nursing Informatics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Nursing Informatics - Assignment Example advocates for healthcare reform by adopting meaningful use of certified electronic health records (EHRs) Tenet Healthcare across the nation (National Quality Forum, 2015). Through the implementation of electronic health records, Elizabeth Johnson enables nurses to analyze health data and improve the provision of quality healthcare in America at reduced costs. Elizabeth Johnson plays a major role in The TIGER initiative where she is a committee member in the powerful HIT Standards Committee (The TIGER Initiative, 2014). The committee ensured the implementation of EHRs in America by the end of last year (The TIGER Initiative, 2014). Elizabeth Johnson has immense experience in executive and professional nursing (National Quality Forum, 2015). She uses this experience in health organizations that seek to reform the U.S. healthcare. Through her contribution, healthcare organizations establish the most effective way of enacting ARRA’s HITECH legislation (National Quality Forum, 2015). Subject to her immense contributions, Elizabeth Johnson has won numerous awards and recognitions where she is one of America’s top 25 clinical informaticists and 2010 HIMSS 2010 Nursing Informatics Leadership Award winner (National Quality Forum, 2015). The TIGER Initiative. (2014). Revolutionary Leadership Driving Healthcare Innovation: The TIGER Leadership Development Collaborative Report. Retrieved from

Assisted Suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assisted Suicide - Essay Example A suitable way to deal with the matter is increased participation and involvement of the government in the cases of assisted suicide, to discourage the patient and the families from going for assisted suicide and provide them with medical help and resources to reduce the load on the patient and the family. Why Assisted Suicide should be Illegalized There are innumerable justifiable and reasonable arguments against assisted suicide. Firstly, it is a murder from the religious perspective. Secondly, there are many past cases in which the family members regret having led the patient to assisted suicide. Thirdly, there are always chances of recovery. Proponents of the assisted suicide criticize the illegalization of assisted suicide considering it driven by the religious beliefs of the people in power. However, â€Å"the most current opposition coalitions include many people and organizations whose opposition is based on their progressive politics. Among those are disability rights group s; many nationally prominent disability rights organizations oppose the legalization of assisted suicide† (â€Å"Why Assisted Suicide†). We live in a democratic society where everybody has a right to live. In this context, assisted suicide is subjugation of the rights of the person who is being killed. Even if the consent of the patient is involved, it mostly happens because of the family pressure upon the patient. In an attempt to get free from their responsibility, family members tend to induce negative feelings and emotions in the patient that lead him/her to opting for the assisted suicide. Brian Johnston is an anti-euthanasia activist. In his book, he writes, â€Å"In addition to their own emotional needs, it is the family and friends, more than anyone else, who will influence the mood and mindset of the patient. They may, even unwittingly, reinforce negative thoughts and attitudes.† (Johnston 17). In a vast majority of cases, assisted suicide of a family me mber leaves the rest of the family particularly the parents with a life-long trauma and guilt. They are not able to forgive themselves for being so selfish at a point in time back in their life when they got rid of their loved one when even the personal consent and will of the deceased was not involved. In certain cases, assisted suicide of one family members leads to subsequent suicides committed by the guilty conscious family members. According to a research conducted by the UK Voluntary Euthanasia Society (VES) in 2003, at least 30 per cent of the suspects of assisted suicide commit suicide. Deborah Annetts, the chief executive of VES says that the number of sufferers is much greater than the 30 per cent statistic of the suicide committers (â€Å"Impact of Euthanasia†). Proposal to Reduce the Cases of Assisted Suicide The government should form a committee to look after the cases of assisted suicide to make sure that most of the patients are saved from being killed. The go vernment should deem all such cases of assisted suicide illegal in which the consent of the patient is not involved. In cases where the consent of the patient is involved, once the family as well as the patient have given their consent to go for the assisted suicide, the case should be referred to the committee. The committee should extend help to the patient to make him/her aware of the possible effects of assisted s

Clean Edge Razor Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning Essay Example for Free

Clean Edge Razor Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning Essay Paramount’s newest non-disposable razor, Clean Edge, has brought a new hope for the company whose other products are either on the mature stage of product life cycle or on the declining stage. Clean Edge’s improved design provides superior performance and hence the top management is extremely excited. They need to come up with a marketing strategy including product positioning, brand name marketing budget allocation for the upcoming launch. Another area of concern is how to deal with the cannibalization effect on the other range of non-disposable razors sold by Paramount. It is very important to come up with a suitable strategy to make the product successful in the market. Through a proper economic analysis considering the razor market and the facts available, we have come up with a conclusion that Paramount should position Clean Edge in the Niche Segment. Statement of the Problems Paramount needs to come up with a marketing strategy to effectively position its new line of technologically advanced non-disposable razors. Over the last five year years the industry has seen major advancements in the male grooming industry with the entry of new formidable players turning on the heat for the existing market leaders. Some of the major highlights include * Male specific grooming products seem to have outpaced the growth in women’s beauty market and have become more mainstream * In the male grooming product category, the replacement cycle of razors and cartridges have shortened * Advertising expenditures in the category have been rising faster than retail market sales * The demand has had a cumulative effect on technology as newer advanced products have hit the market resulting in approximately 5% growth per year from 2007 to 2010 * Super-premium segment has experienced significant growth with numerous product innovations By 2009, Paramount had already established itself as a global consumer products giant having expertise in Health, Cleaning, Beauty and Grooming. This helped the company to quickly position itself as a trusted brand in the non-disposable razor market. Capitalising on its reputation it offered its products By 2009, the replacement cycle of non-disposable razor cartridges had shortened due to consumers trying out new products. The challenge with Paramount was that two of its mainstream products – Paramount Pro and Paramount Avail had not introduced any significant technology innovations since 2005. However, its competitors, especially Radiance is on the verge of launching Naiv razor which promises a better shaving experience.

Application of Gas Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analysis

Application of Gas Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analysis Chromatography is a physical method of separation in which components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary phase while the other mobile phase move in a definite direction. The stationary phase may be a solid or a liquid supported on a solid or a gel. The mobile phase may be gaseous or liquid. The basis for gas chromatography separation is the distribution of a sample between two phases. one of these phases is a stationary bed of large surface area, and the other phase is a gas which percolates through the stationary bed. The physical state of the mobile phase distinguishes the fundamental type of a chromatographic separation. Liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC) and super critical fluid chromatography (SFC) all named for the state of their respective mobile phases. The first person to chromatography was Tswett (1872-1919) the Russian chemist. He used chromatography from the Greek for colour chroma and write- graphein to describe his work on the separation of coloured plant pigments. Until 1930s chromatography in the form of thin-layer and ion-exchange chromatography became a regularly used technique. In 1940 development of partition chromatography and paper chromatography followed by the first disclosure of effective gas chromatography (GC) by Martin and his co-worker James in 1953. GC is a technique for separating volatile substances by percolating a gas stream over a stationary phase. It is a technique that revolutionized analytical chemistry. GC has been applied successfully to numerous compounds in variety of fields. Headspace GC has been used since the 1980s, but only recently has it become part of mainstream of pharmaceutical analysis. In this essay GC technical aspect and its application for pharmaceutical quantitative analysis has been explained. Moreover, the comparative advantage over other techniques and the disadvantage of using GC has been also discussed and reached on some conclusion. 2. Gas Chromatography 2.1 Technical Aspect In GC the components to be separated are carried through the column by an inert gas. Here the mobile phase is a gas, often nitrogen, but sometimes helium, hydrogen or occasionally another gas. It is called the carrier gas. GC is equipped with standard oven for temperature programming, split/split less injection ports and flame ionization detector. The sample mixture is partitioned between the carrier gas and a non volatile solvent (stationary phase ) supported on an inert size-graded solid. The solvent selectively retards the sample components, according to their distribution coefficient, until they form separate bands in the carrier gas. These component bands leave the column in the gas stream and are recorded as a function of time by a detector. This elution technique has the following advantages : The column is continuously regenerated by the inert gas phase. Usually the sample components are completely separated and mixed only with an inert gas making collection and quantitative determinations easy. The analysis time is very short. In general GC is a powerful and widely used technique for the separation, identification and quantitation of components in a mixture. In this technique a sample is converted to the vapor state and a flowing stream of carrier gas sweeps the sample into a thermally -controlled column. In GC the column is usually packed with solid particles that coated with a non-volatile solvent. Retention time is defined from injection of the sample to time a specific sample component is detected. After exiting the column the separated components are detected and a detector response is recorded. Polarity and boiling points of the components are also vital properties in GC separation. While polarity is the major factor governing separation; the boiling points of components of the sample also play a significant role in determining the retention time. Components with higher volatility have lower boiling point. 2.2 Advantages of GC 2.2.1. Speed The entire analysis is completed less than half an hours. The use of gas as the moving phase has the advantage of rapid equilibrium between the moving and stationary phases and allows high carrier gas velocities to be employed. Separations requiring only seconds have been reported, however, analysis time of minutes duration is more common in GC. Preparative scale separations, or resolution of wide-boiling complex samples may require hours. 2.2.2. Resolution The separation of some compounds such as methyl esters of stearic, oleic and linoleic acids by other techniques is extremely difficult or impossible. The boiling point differences are negligible in that the compounds vary only in degree of unsaturation. By using selective solvents, however, GC can provide resolution impossible by distillation or other techniques. 2.2.3. Qualitative Analysis The retention time in GC is that time from injection to peak maxima. This property is characteristic of the sample and the liquid phase at a given temperature. With proper flow and temperature control, it can be reproduced to within 1% and used to identify each peak. Several compounds has only one retention time. This retention time is not influenced by the presence of other components. 2.2.4. Quantitative Analysis The area peak produced for each on chromatogram is proportional to concentration of the peak in GC analysis. This can be used to determine the exact concentration of each component. Accuracy attainable with GC depends upon, detector, integration method and sample concentration. 2.2.5. Sensitivity A major reason for the extensive analytical application of GC is the sensitivity available. The simplest forms of thermal conductivity cells can determine down to 0.1 %.The flame detector easily sees parts per million, and the specific electron capture and phosphorus detectors can measure parts per billion. An advantage of this extreme sensitivity is the small size sample or micro liters of sample are sufficient for complete analysis. This is indeed trace analysis is also easily achieved. It is simple to operate and understand. Interpretation of the data obtained is also rapid and straight forward. The cost of GC is very low compared to the data obtained. 3. Application of GC in Pharmaceutical Analysis The major success of the application of GC in pharmaceutical quantitative analysis is firstly due to the very high efficiencies of separation power, secondly to the extreme sensitivity of the detection of even very small amounts of separated species and finally to the precision and accuracy of the data from quantitative analyses of very complex mixtures. GC analyses are also easy to automate from sample introduction to separation. Because of the above main advantages and its short analysis time and reliable results GC is used as quality control purposes in the pharmaceutical industry. In fact pharmaceutical analysis generally involves two steps; separation of the compound of interest and quantitation of the compounds. The better the separation the easier the quantitation. GC detectors have different responses to each compound. In order to determine quantitative amounts of various compounds in a separation the detector must be calibrated using standards. Standard solutions of sample a re injected and the detector response recorded. Comparison of the standard and sample retention times allows qualitative analysis of the sample. Comparison of the peak area of the standards with that of the sample allows quantitation of analyte. Due to this fact, GC is widely used as a routine analytical technique in pharmaceutical quantitative analysis mostly used in for the determination of organic volatile impurities and nicotine level during drugs formulation. 3.1. Determination of Organic Volatile Impurities by GC Organic Volatile impurities are residual solvents that are used in and are produced during the synthesis of drug substances, or in excipients used in the production of drug formulations. Many of these residual solvents generally cannot be completely removed by standard manufacturing processes or techniques and are left behind, preferably at low levels. Organic solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and toluene frequently used in pharmaceutical industry for the manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical ingredients therefore ,in manufacturing drug substances and from one or more steps of the synthetic process, volatile solvents can be retained in the end products. Most of the time ethanol and acetone are used in the preparation of the polymeric coating of tablets. On other hand isopropyl alcohol is used in the crystallization of the active ingredient while ethyl acetate is a process solvent for the gel forming polymer. Low levels of these org anic solvents are inevitably present in the drug product even after drying process. These organic volatile residuals affect physiochemical properties of a drug, such as particle size, dissolution rate and stability, but also can present a serious potential health hazard. Very often these solvents, referred to as residual solvents, are carried to the pharmaceutical preparation concerned and making their determination very important. Therefore, GC is superior to other techniques for analysis of these residual solvents. It provide good retention and separation at low oven temperatures. Due to the above fact the content of residual organic solvents in pharmaceutical industry is routinely measured by GC technique. 3.2. Determination of Nicotine by GC Because of its rapid and accurate analytical result; GC is used to determine the nicotine level in pharmaceutical drugs formulation. GC applications in combination with other techniques are also vital in pharmaceutical industries for isolation and characterization of volatile compounds.Currently the use of GC in pharmaceutical quantitative analysis is very usual and include the analysis of samples of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their intermediates as well as in- process testing for residual solvents to optimize the drying process. 4. Discussion and Conclusion 4.1. Discussion The disadvantage of GC are that the components of the sample must be volatile at temperature at which they will not decompose. As there are more involatile materials than there are volatile, and volatility immediately places a serious limitation on the field of application. In addition to these GC is also strongly retained components travel very slowly, or in some cases do not move at all. However, this difficulty can be overcome by using temperature programming of the column to decrease elution time. Temperature programming is the increase of temperature during an analysis to provide a faster and more adaptable analysis. 4.2. Conclusion Even though, GC has a few limitation in field of application due to its high detector sensitivity and high resolving power it is generally used extensively in pharmaceutical industry both in research and quality control purposes.

Torts and Negligence Case Study

Torts and Negligence Case Study Sajesh Maharjan Introduction Anna, a cafà © owner, went to the tour Honey Bee Nature Appreciation Tours operated by Trevor and had injured her knees after stumbling down the hill side. She got treatment in the hospital and fully recovered in a month. Now Anna decides to enforce tort law against Trevor who is not only the operator but also the sole owner of the tour company for negligent act and seek 12 months earnings in lost income and punitive damages. In this regard, Anna is the Plaintiff who has suffered personal injury and Trevor is the Defendant who will have to compensate for damages to the Plaintiff if proven guilty in the court. However, the burden of proof lies with Anna and she must establish following three things on the balance of probabilities that the Defendant owed Plaintiff the duty of care, the Defendant breached their duty of care and the Defendants actions have caused the Plaintiff to suffer loss or damage. Trevor has contributory negligence as a part of the defence against Anna. Duty of Care The issue is whether the Defendants conduct/actions could cause harms/injury to Plaintiff during the time of tour. In other words, Anna is required to prove that the personal injury suffered by her was reasonably foreseeable and was a result of the act(s) or omission(s) of the Trevor in order to establish the duty of care. The neighbor principle laid out by Lord Atkin in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] is dominantly used in testing whether the Defendant owed Plaintiff a duty of care. According to that principle, the Defendant is said to owe a duty to take reasonable care of the Plaintiff where the Defendant would have reasonably foreseen the injury to the Plaintiff by the Defendants action or carelessness. Evidence of the duty of care is more easily recognized in cases involving established categories such as Parents and their children, employers and their employees, doctor and patients, teachers and students, manufacturers and consumers, etc. These established categories can be easily found in cases such as JD v East Berkshire Community NHS Trust and others [2005], Smoldon v Whitworth [1997] etc. Honey Bee Nature Appreciation Tours is solely owned and operated by Trevor. He takes maximum of six people (paying trekkers) once per week on a six hour walk during daylight to in bird watching and similar activities. The established category of a Professional and their customers can be applicable to the case of Trevor and Anna since Trevor provides professional service of walking tours and bird-watching activities and Anna pays for that service. Moreover, it is reasonably foreseeable that his activities and carelessness have impacts on those who attend his walking tours and owe duty of reasonable care to the paying trekkers. This is supported by the case of Smoldon v Whitworth [1997] where facts were similar. Therefore, it is evident that Trevor had duty of care over Anna who attended the walking tour. Breach After duty of care has been well established, the next issue is whether the Defendant breached the duty of care over Plaintiff. Alternatively, the next step is to identify whether Trevors act(s) or omission(s) failed to meet the standard of care required by the law. A Defendant will be held liable for negligent conduct that falls below the legally accepted standard of care for the significantly foreseeable risk of injury. It is stated in the s9 (1) of Civil Liability Act 2003 (QLD) that a person is not said to have breached the duty to take precautions against the risk, unless the risk was foreseeable, the risk was not insignificant and a reasonable person in the similar position and circumstances of the Defendant would have taken precaution. Section 9 (2) of Civil Liability Act 2003 (QLD)   lists out the factors that are taken into considerations for determining whether a reasonable person would have taken preventive measures against risk of injury which are as follows: the probability of occurrence of injury/harm without precaution the likely seriousness of the injury the burden of taking precautions to avoid the risk of injury the social utility of the activity that cause the risk of injury These factors are applied in determining the standard of care that a reasonable person would have taken by balancing the first two factors against the second two. The risk of harm/injury is compared against the practicality of taking precautions to avoid the risks. Before the tour, Trevor advised the tour participants to wear sensible shoes and clothing and that all the walks are conducted during daylight. He also notified regarding several fall injuries in the past because of trips during night time. He also mentions that the participants will be provided with the water and sandwiches during the trip. One of the important facts presented in the case is that he left the tour participants (trekkers) on their own during the break so as to scout for a new location. Moreover, he gets lost in his work and takes much longer that he expected which delayed the return trip and compelled to walk during dark. A reasonable person in Defendants position would not have left the participants unsupervised for such a long time. The facts do not disclose whether Trevor instructed to the participants that the alcoholic beverages were allowed during the trip. However, a reasonable person would have clearly indicated whether the alcoholic beverages were allowed during the trip besides sensible shoes and clothing. Similarly, a reasonable person would have scouted new places before the trip. And if the scouting has to be done during the trip, a reasonable person would have taken the note of time and wouldnt delay the return. The only thing which wasnt foreseeable for a reasonable person is that someone would change into high heel shoes in the middle of the trip during bird observation. Therefore, it can be concluded that Trevor has breached his duty of care from the given facts. This is reinforced by the case of Vaughan v Menlove [1837] where the Defendant did not acted as a reasonable person would h ave. Damage The major concern here is whether the breach of duty by Trevor has caused injury to Anna. Anna has to demonstrate to the court that Trevors negligent action was the main cause, though not necessarily the sole cause, of her damage. Section 11(1)(a) of Civil Liability Act 2003 (QLD)clearly states that the breach of duty was a necessary condition of the occurrence of the harm. This calls for the but for test which examines would the Plaintiff have suffered the damage but for the defendants negligence. In addition to the cause, Plaintiff is also required to prove that the damage incurred was within the scope of liability. Anna has to show that her injury was a foreseeable consequence of Trevors negligence. The question here is whether Trevors negligent action of leaving the tour participants unsupervised during the break, scouting for new location without keeping track of time have caused the Anna to suffer injury. It is true that the Trevors negligent act has caused the Anna to incur personal injury. Firstly, had the Trevor not left the group unsupervised, he could have been able to find that Anna had brought wine for the trip and he could have taken actions which would avoid Anna to consume half the bottle of wine by herself. Secondly, if Trevor had kept track of time and while he went for scouting location, they could have made the return trip during daylight before sunset when the forest was not dark. Thirdly, Trevor knew that there is risk of fall injuries during the trip made in night or when the forest is dark. Therefore, Trevors negligent act was the cause of Annas injury which is supported by the case of Strong v Woolworths Ltd [2012] and Annas personal injury was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of Trevors negligence as in the case of Hughes v Lord Advocate [1963]. Defence After the Plaintiff has established the necessary duty, breach and damage, then the Defendant can institute any defences in order to reduce or eliminate their liability. The common defences are contributory negligence and voluntary assumption of risk. The issue regarding this case is whether Anna contributed to her loss/injury and voluntarily assumed the risk. For contributory negligence, it is mentioned in the s 23 (2) of Civil Liability Act 2003 (QLD) that the standard of care of the Plaintiff is that of reasonable person in the position of the Plaintiff and what the Plaintiff knew or ought reasonably to have known at that time. In this case, Anna drank half a bottle of wine during break and changes her runners into high heel shoes during the return walk. Anna had also offered the wine to other people who walked the tour but everyone refused. A reasonable person in Annas position would not intake alcoholic beverages during walking tour and would not have changed their runners into high heel shoes. Moreover, when Anna got injured, she was under the influence of alcohol. Section 47 of Civil Liability Act 2003 (QLD) states presumption of contributory negligence if the person who suffers harm is intoxicated. Therefore, Anna has definitely contributed towards her injury. Voluntary assumption of risk arises in cases of recreational sports/activities which involves obvious and inherent risk. It is stated in the case that the bush tracks used for walking tours of Bushland surrounding the Bunya Mountains are not particularly strenuous. Thus, there is no voluntary assumption of risk in this case. Remedies The key concern at this point is whether the damages sought by the Plaintiff recoverable. The issue here is whether Annas claim for 12 months lost in income and punitive damages for Trevors negligence are fully recoverable. Section 52 of Civil Liability Act 2003 (QLD) explains that a court cannot award punitive damage in relation to personal injury damages unless the act that caused personal injury was unlawful intentional act to cause personal injury or an unlawful sexual assault or misconduct. Similarly, it is mentioned in s 54 of CLA 2003 (QLD) that the maximum award a court may make is for an amount equal to the present value of 3 times average weekly earnings per week for each week of the period of loss of earnings. Moreover, according to the s 24 of Civil Liability Act 2003 (QLD),In deciding the extent of a reduction in damages by reason of contributory negligence, a court may decide a reduction of 100% if the court considers it just and equitable to do so, with the result that the claim for damages is defeated. We are provided with the facts that Anna is transported to the hospital and recovered fully in a month. Despite full recovery from the injury, Anna closed her cafà © and decides to claim for 12 months in lost income and punitive damages. The facts presented in the case and the prevailing legislation suggest that she would not be awarded for punitive damages since Trevor had no intention of causing damage/harm to Anna. Moreover, she would also not be getting her claim of 12 months earnings since she fully recovered in a month and a court could provide a maximum award of 3 times average weekly earnings per week for the period of loss of earnings. Therefore, she may be entitled to benefit of maximum of 3 months earnings with reduction up to 100% because of her high contributory negligence. Conclusion Finally, it can be concluded that Trevor had a duty of care over Anna, breached his duty of care and caused serious knee injury to the Anna. After being fully recovered in a month, Anna decides to close down the cafà © and sue Trevor. Anna is likely to be awarded with 1months earnings or even less for lost income because of her high contributory negligence. References Legislation: Civil Liability Act2003 (QLD) Section 9(1) Civil Liability Act2003 (QLD) Section 9(2) Civil Liability Act2003 (QLD) Section 11(1) (a) Civil Liability Act2003 (QLD) Section 23(2) Civil Liability Act2003 (QLD) Section 24 Civil Liability Act2003 (QLD) Section 47 Civil Liability Act2003 (QLD) Section 52 Civil Liability Act2003 (QLD) Section 54 Cases: Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 JD v East Berkshire Community NHS Trust and others [2005] 2 WLR 993 Smoldon v Whitworth [1997]PIQR P133, CA Strong v Woolworths Ltd [2012] HCA 5 Hughes v Lord Advocate [1963] AC 837 Vaughan v Menlove [1837] 132 ER 490 (CP)

Expanding the Horizons of Beauty Through Fiction, Poetry, and Drama Ess

Departing from a lover might often seem painful; yet, it is precisely with the departures that one learns about the nature of true love. In the poem â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning,† John Donne offers a beautiful insight into this subject. As he consoles his wife by asserting that their love is everlasting, the poet develops a theme that unifies the poem and allows the reader to identify his intention. The theme, therefore, is especially important as it serves as a central point around which all the other elements are structured. As John Donne explores the nature of unconditional love, he employs metaphors, symbolism, and tone as the three main elements that reinforce the theme and contribute to creating a poem that both moves and connects to the reader. Throughout the poem, Donne employs metaphors extensively to emphasize the spiritual dimension of the love he shares with his wife. In the first stanza, the author compares his leaving with the death of â€Å"virtuous men† (line 1). As these men â€Å"whisper to their souls to go† (2), the lovers ought to accept the departure like the men are able to detach their bodies from their souls, and separate peacefully. As he continues to comfort his wife, he invites her to â€Å"make no noise† (5) and suggests that there should be â€Å"No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move† (6). This comparison of her crying with floods engages the reader because it sounds unconventional. Unlike most wives when their husbands leave, Donne’s wife is to remain quiet as he departs. The noise of her tears would reveal their love to the â€Å"laity† (8) and that would disrupt their happiness. By making a distinction between them and the common people, Donne is suggestin g that there is something holy about their love. Thus, thes... ... poem taking him in a journey to go beyond the lines and feel the message deeply. Therefore, the author succeeds in describing the nature of true love, a love that endures distance and transcends time and space. Likewise, although we may get separated from the poem physically after reading it, we cannot help but remain profoundly connected after our farewell. Works Cited Walker, Alice. â€Å"Everyday Use.† English 120. (Professor Theresa Sweeney). Fontbonne University. 2012. Handout. Hayden, Robert. "Those Winter Sundays." The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature: Reading, Thinking, Writing. Ed. Michael Meyer. 9th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. 551. Print. Wilson, August. "Fences." The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature: Reading, Thinking, Writing. Ed. Michael Meyer. 9th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. 1517-1566. Print.

The Circus :: essays research papers

A circus is an arena for acrobatic exhibitions and animal shows. Usually circular and surrounded by tiers of seats for spectators, a circus may be in the open air but is usually housed in a permanent building or sheltered by a tent. The term circus is also applied to the performance itself and to the troupe of performers. The entertainment offered at a circus generally consists of displays of horsemanship; exhibitions by gymnasts, aerialists, wild-animal trainers, and performing animals; and comic pantomime by clowns. The first modern circus was staged in London in 1768 by Philip Astley, a former sergeant major in the English cavalry, who performed as a trick rider. Beginning with a visit to Paris in 1772, Astley introduced the circus in cities throughout continental Europe and was responsible for establishing permanent circuses in a number of European countries as well as in England. A circus was first presented in Russia in 1793 at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg. By the early 19th century several permanently based circuses were located in many larger European cities. In addition, small traveling shows moved from town to town in caravans of covered wagons in which the performers lived. The traveling shows were usually simple affairs, featuring a fiddler or two, a juggler, a ropedancer, and a few acrobats. In the early circuses such performers gave their shows in open spaces and took up a collection for pay; later, the performers used an enclosed area and began to charge admission. By contrast, the permanently-based circuses of Europe staged elaborate shows. In the earlier part of the 19th century a main feature of the permanent circus program was the presentation of dramas that included displays of horsemanship. The circus was introduced in the United States by John Bill Ricketts, an English equestrian who opened a show in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1792 and staged subsequent circuses in New York City and Boston, Massachusetts. President George Washington reportedly attended a Ricketts circus and sold the company a horse in 1797. The Ricketts circus remained in existence, with several name changes, through the first decade of the 19th century. Some of the outstanding companies in the early history of American circuses were the Mount Pitt circus and the troupes of the American animal tamer Isaac Van Amburgh, the American chemist and inventor Gilbert Spaulding, and the American clown Dan Rice. Throughout the 19th century the circus evolved in programming and

Extraordinary Tourism

Extraordinary Hotels and Special Services Table of Content Introduction Definition of Extraordinary Tourism Trend Analyse Special Services In hotels and observation of Extraordinary Hotels 2013 Future prediction and Conclusion Introduction The purpose of this report is to clarify and define an increasing trend In tourism of modern times. The report will define and explore the different dimensions of the growing trend of extraordinary tourism and present different examples of this from a global perspective.A trend analyse will provide the reader with new concepts and emands from the tourism market. At the end of the report we will have short look at future predictions and the conclusions that can be made out of the results provided in this report. Definition of Extraordinary tourism The expression â€Å"extraordinary tourism† derives from the growing trend of outstanding accommodations offered within modern tourism and other alternative to main stream ways of travelling.To simp lify this expression one could start with defining the â€Å"ordinary tourism†, which tend to be the most common way of travelling. The main stream way of travelling is usually defined as charter holidays where the customer is provided with all travelling information and a chosen variation of destinations by a local travel agency. When we speak about extraordinary tourism the customer tend to do the destination research himself and as well for the accommodations. Research is usually provided by internet or from social networks where unique travel experiences could be shared.There is numerous of option for the traveller to organise an extraordinary holiday, it could be an alternative accommodation, extreme location. pecialised resort or an extreme way of traveling around the location. The current studies of this on going trend is lacking statistical numbers but what is easy to identify in modern tourism market is that hotels and resorts are generally changing there approach fr om a wide market target to a much more specified target group.Trend Analyse Recent studies have shown that the booking services are taking a more personalised and customised approach to meet the growing demand of extraordinary holiday experiences. Todays customer in travel agencies are decreasing hence to the easy 1 OF3 ccessed DooKlng posslDllltles onllne wnlcn Is a growing tnreat to tne market leaders in old school travel agencies around the world. It is a fact that the technology will and have already changed the tourism market, therefore the tourism market needs to change together with technology.Agencies are meeting these demands with different approaches but one significant trend is to offer well organised extraordinary holidays such as safari trips, diving holidays or health retreats. The extraordinary holiday has many faces and the selection is growing together with demanding market consumer. The global economy is changing and new customers come with it and so do new destina tions such as Burma and other countries where it might have been a turbulent in the past decade. The variation of different accommodations is perhaps the most outstanding segment of the extraordinary tourism.The small city hotels are today called â€Å"boutique hotels† or design hotels that offers a central accommodation that appeals to the guests personal taste of interior design or offers a feeling of a stylish personal segment. For the eco friendly guest you can chose to stay in a green hotel, the adventures can stay n a tree cottage in the middle of the woods and stay warm from the open fire, the variations are many and the tourism market stays creative to do their best to stand out in this competitive market climate.Special Services in hotels and extraordinary hotels 2013 The special services provided on todays market are many and the variation is wide and in the following part of the text you will find some of the extraordinary services and unique accommodations offered around the globe today. Sunburn supervisor might be a new kind of supervision to many tourist but not if you ave stayed at Akaryn Samul, Koh Samul where the guest is offered to have a supervisor to prevent the guest to burn in the sun.This service is provided in a luxury resort and the Sunburn supervisor will reapply sunscreen every hour and as well after you had a dip in the pool. The divorce hotel is a hotel resort targeting couples who aim to get a divorce as soon as possible and as easy as possible. The hotel provides their guests with specialised professionals who help the guests through every step in the divorce. The variation of accommodations oday could depend much on your wallet and certainly if you are planning on checking in to the Poseidon undersea resort next to the Katafinga Island in Fiji.The undersea resorts consists of a luxury resort completely under water where the guests can enjoy the beauty of sea-life in the dry. A much cheaper option for an extraordinary acco mmodation could be the Jumbo Jet on Arlanda, the international airport of Stockholm in Sweden. The Jumbo Jet allows the guests to have a good night sleep in a Jet plane on the ground before it is time to head up in the sky, located next o the airport but offer the guest a unique stay at the airport.Future prediction and Conclusion The extraordinary tourism seems to be â€Å"the new black† and for the future we can expect much more of these alternative ways of travelling. Demanding customers and a growing global economy will re-write the market of tourism and the next innovative hotel idea is Just around the corner. ReTerence list http://aboutourism. wordpress. com/trendspotting-2012/ http://www. entrepreneur. com/slideshow/175884 http://www. asiaspa. com/galleries/20130903143744

Critial Review Extract ‘Convicts, Jailers and Colonists’ 1779-1821

Colonial Experiment 1788 – 1918 Assignment 1 – Review In the extract ‘Convicts, jailers and colonists’ 1779-1821 from the book , Sources of Australian History(1971), the Author Manning Clark uses the primary resource from Lord Sydney to the lords and commissioners of the treasury in 1786 to support the text which discusses the problem of overcrowded jails in England and the proposal for a convict colony in Australia in 1784 – 1786.The primary resource is a dispatch that was spoken by Lord Sydney to the Lords and commissioners of the treasury on the 18th of August 1786 in White hall, announcing the decision of the British Government to establish a convict colony at Botany Bay. Along with many other Books and journals such as Manning Clarks, Sources of Australian History (1971), the Dispatch from Lord Sydney was originally printed in the Historical records of New South Wales.In this review, I summarize the source and analyses what relation it has to th e historical subject as well as what the article says about the aspect of history it addresses. Critical Analysis – In the primary source Lord Sydney to the Lords and commissioners of the treasury, the text implies that Lord Sydney is speaking to the Lords of the treasury on behalf of the King for the funding of the expedition of a new settlement for convicts. The text shows that the over occupied jails in the state of Britain were so full that the king of England had decided that measures be taken immediately in relocating the convicts.Originally the idea been proposed to send the convicts to south Africa, however after sending out a scout ship it was discovered that the area that was desired for settlement was too sandy and barren among other reasons for being unfit. Lord Sydney (1786) then goes on to discuss how instead the convict settlement would be on the Land known as Botany Bay as discovered by James Cook. Lord Sydney(1786) then states on behalf of the king that the t reasury supply the money for vessels to transport 750 convicts as well as Naval Crews and 3 companies of marines .It is also mentioned that a quantity of provisions for sustaining the people for two years be provided as well as ,necessaries such as bedding ,medical supplies and housing materials in order to erect habitation along with tools for agriculture and clothing also be funded as well as contingency solutions for food such as seed for growing grain and other garden seeds. Also it is noted that upon arriving at Botany bay water be procured as Lord Sydney (1786) states the plan for a vessel to stop at Cape de verda Islands as well as Cape of good hope to do so.The text has great relevance to the historical subject as because of this event Australia was colonized by The English. This Source can be considered a factual piece of historical evidence as it was a British parliamentary documented report and the decision to enforce the plan to move the convicts to Australia was a propo sal from his majesty the King. The Source is an objective piece of evidence as it is an account of what was said in British parliament and throughout the text it can be seen that during that period of time the British had planned to make the colony self-sufficient after a certain period of time in order to minimize cost .This can be seen as in the text it is stated that â€Å"According to the best opinions that can be obtained a quantity of provisions equal only to two years should be provided†. Ultimately the Source from Lord Sydney to the lords and commissioners of the treasury in 1786, is a parliamentary documented source that explains how the plan to colonize Australia was set in motion, as the text shows Lord Sydney Outlines what things such as provisions, medical supplies, bedding and Argicultultural equipment would be needed to be funded in order to make the voyage to the new Land.References Clark, M (ed) 1971, ‘Convicts, jailers and colonists 1779-1821’, In Sources of Australian History, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, pp. 60-75. Bibliography Clark, M (ed) 1971, ‘Convicts, jailers and colonists 1779-1821’, In Sources of Australian History, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, pp. 60-75. Lord Sydney to the Lords commissioners of the treasury, on the 18th of August 1786, White hall, Historical records of New South Wales, Vol. 1 pt. 2 at pp. 14 – 19

Nail Biting

Nail Biting Do you constantly find yourself biting your nails off for no reason at all? Or have you ever thought about the damages caused by nail biting? Many people do not realize and know that there are medical affects and explanations for nail biting. Adults usually do not find themselves with this bad habit because nail biting is most common among kids and teens but mainly more within guys than girls. However regardless of gender or age nail biting can lead to unwanted consequences caused by stress, nervousness, or hunger. Unwanted consequences mainly consist with dental complications such as the chipping of your teeth.For most people, chipping a tooth is the only negative effect that biting your nails might have on your teeth. In fact, the book Pediatric Dentistry by Pinkham states: There is no evidence that nail biting can cause dental change other than minor enamel fractures. Nail biting can also cause a gap between your two front teeth. If the nail biting habit begins when th e child is very young, it has been reported to cause a gap between teeth. In addition causing gaps between your teeth can cause the roots of your teeth to become weaker. Nail biting during braces has been shown to cause root resorption.Last but not least nail biting can cause gingivitis. For example in the case report of a nine-year-old boy whose father called the dental office to describe his son's complaint of swelling of the gums surrounding the top front tooth. The patient came to the office the same day. The initial clinical examination revealed swelling of the gingival. During discussion with the parent and patient, the dentist noted that the patient's fingernails were bitten off. The patient and parent confirmed a habit of nail biting. Therefore the dentist removed from the gums a piece of nail that was compressed in.Nail biting can cause many dental complications however, what causes people to bit their nails? Many doctors and psychologists state that medical and psychologic al situations cause nail biting to occur without even realizing it. For example nail-biting is a common stress-relieving habit. Stress is that feeling you get when you're really worried about something. There are general factors that can lead to stress such as threats which include physical threats, social threats, financial threats, fears, and uncertainty. Therefore a common way people to react to stress is nail biting.A child or even an adult uses nail biting as a coping mechanism to relieve stuffed emotions. It has been documented that some people bite their nails in their sleep, sometimes wholly. This has been linked to stress while dreaming. Secondly, nervousness also leads to nail biting. When people are nervous, they fidget. Fidgeting involves moving with excitement. Hands, legs and other parts of the body make quick movements, with no particular aim. This is a reflex movement, initiated by the subconscious mind. This is a reaction to a tense situation. We do not know what to do but we know that we have to do something.Nail biting is one way of the body's response to the call for doing something. Children sometimes face an unpleasant situation. They commit a mischief and are caught. When they are confronted by their parents or teachers, they just stand biting their nails. This is a defense mechanism to prevent the children from doing an absurd act that could make the matter worse. Thirdly, as simple as this may sound, it has been revealed that some people who suffer from biting on their nails complains that they will only do so when they are feeling extremely hungry.Some will even go as far as to say that when they are hungry and they chew on their fingernails, they will get a soothing, as well as a comforting feeling that will sometimes drive away the hunger sensation. Several treatment measures may help you stop biting your nails. For example keeping your nails trimmed and filed, taking care of your nails can help reduce your nail-biting habit and enc ourage you to keep your nails attractive. Also try substituting another activity, such as drawing, writing when you find yourself biting your nails.Substituting nail biting can reduce the chances of getting dental complications. However it is important to keep in mind that psychological factors contribute to the bad habit of nail biting which is stress nervousness or hunger. These factors should be considered in stopping the reoccurrence of nail biting. http://www. nail-care-tips. com/nail-biting. php http://www. ehow. com/about_5097901_reasons-nail-biting. html http://www. tellinitlikeitis. net/2009/04/nail-biting-causes-consequences-cure-how-to-stop- biting-your-nails. html http://www. webmd. com/healthy-beauty/guide/stop-nail-biting-tips

Hawaii Culture Essay

1. Queen Liliuokalani was the first and only reigning Hawaiian queen. Imperialism is the policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker nations. William Seward was the Secretary of State under presidents Lincoln and Andrew Johnson he purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867. Pearl Harbor was the Hawaiian port granted by 1887 treaty to the United States for use as a refueling station for U.S. ships. They connect and are important because when Queen Liliuokalani was queen the U.S. started following imperialism and kind of took over Hawaii. Hawaiians were forced to agree to the treaty of 1887. Which allowed the U.S. to have Pearl Harbor. William Seward was provoking imperialism. 2. Cultural interests Cultural interests Economic interests Economic interests Military interests Military interests Why Americans support imperialism Why Americans support imperialism 3. William Seward contributed to U.S. expansion by convincing the senate to buy Alaska from Russia for $7.2-million. 4. Planters staged a revolt because Queen Liliuokalani believed that American planters had too much influence, she moved to limit their power. Around the same time, U.S. trade laws changed to favor sugar grown in the United States. Planters with the help of U.S. Marines, they overthrew the queen and set up their own government. They then asked to be annexed by the United States. 5. The purchase of Alaska was farsighted because in the end the United States had acquired a land rich in timber, minerals and, as it turned out, oil. 6. If President Cleveland’s wishes had been respected by the subsequent U.S. administration then Hawaii wouldn’t have been a state and there wouldn’t have been a bombing at Pearl Harbor during the world war. 7. The United states have overthrew the queen and taken control for themselves. The Hawaiians are rebelling bet we can’t stand against them and now we are being forced to join the United States as a state. They also are going to take our best port and turn it into their own military base. I think what they are doing is wrong because this is our land. We let them come in we never knew that they were going to take over. Just because they are more powerful doesn’t mean they can use that power on us. That is exactly like bullying.

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the tendency of the group to converge on more extreme solutions to a problem, as opposed to a decision made alone or independently. There is a phenomenon called the â€Å"risky shift† , it is an example of polarization; the risky shift occurs when the group decision is a riskier one than any of the group members would have made individually.This may result because individuals in a group sometimes do not feel as much responsibility and accountability for the actions of the group as they would if they were making the decision alone. The study of group polarization began with an unpublished 1961 Master’s thesis by MIT student James Stoner, who observed the so-called â€Å"risky shift†, meaning that a group’s decisions are riskier than the average of the individual decisions of members before the group met.Group polarization has been widely considered as a fundamental group decision-making process and was well-established, but remained no n-obvious and puzzling because its mechanisms were not fully understood. Mechanism Social comparison approaches, sometimes called interpersonal comparison, were based on social psychological views of self-perception and the drive of individuals to appear socially desirable. The second major mechanism is informational influence, which is also sometimes referred to as persuasive argument theory, or PAT.PAT holds that individual choices are determined by individuals weighing remembered pro and con arguments. These arguments are then applied to possible choices, and the most positive is selected. As a mechanism for polarization, group discussion shifts the weight of evidence as each individual exposes their pro and con arguments, giving each other new arguments and increasing the stock of pro arguments in favor of the group tendency, and con arguments against the group tendency.

Critical_Thinking and leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical_Thinking and leadership - Essay Example We attempt to work out increasingly more and more advanced strategies, using increasingly more and more modern approaches and methods. Herewith we often overlook that not everything that works in the West, will work in Europe same efficiently and successfully. We have different markets, different management, and other mentality. In Europe we should concentrate on a little bit more simple strategies, because first of all any strategy should be understood by everybody, and in first instance by customers. Therefore let us consider some simple rules, which are effective in dynamic markets because they partially guide actions and yet also enable the flexibility of real-time, improvisational response to meet the demands of a changing environment (Brown & Eisenhardt, 1997; Miner et al., 2001). In January 2001 Harvard Business Review article, "Strategy as Simple Rules," Kathleen Eisenhardt and Donald Sull argued that the secret of success in rapidly shifting markets lies in strategy as simple rules. The authors discover that the success of companies such as Yahoo!, eBay, Google can not be interpreted by using traditional approaches to competitive strategy. There two approaches to competitive strategies that are represented in the literature. The first one is resource based view, which is in conce... They are enable sustainable competitive advantage both in current markets and through leverage into new ones, and superior performance (Amit & Schoemaker, 1993). The second approach is strategic positioning. According to this approach managers of firms strive to occupy a defensible position in their respective industries aiming to reach a sustainable competitive advantage and superior performance (Porter, 1980; 1991). To the extent that this configuration and its related activity systems are difficult, slow or costly to achieve, incumbent firms are secure in their current competitive advantages (Caves & Porter, 1977). It should be mentioned that these approaches are effective enough in a stable market environment. Strategy as simple rules set this competitive advantage in an unpredictable environment full of "sudden-death threats" and "golden opportunities". According to Sull (2005), companies in unpredictable environments compete in their ability to respond to sudden-death threats, or to minimize their potential impact, on the one hand, and on the other one in the ability to seize potential golden opportunities. Instead of using approaches of competitive advantages, the above mentioned companies have excelled at changing in order to act and develop in accordance with the demands of constantly changing environment. These companies preferred not to survive in markets that were previously regarded as difficult, but let their strategies to evolve at every turn. Eisenhardt and Sull (2001) discovered that the most successful companies use key strategic processes in order to identify areas, in which concentration of potential opportunities is the greatest. Simple rules are useful for

Twentieth century in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Twentieth century in America - Essay Example Its militarism snared for it various colonies such as Cuba, Mexico, Hawaii, in the Philippines, in Puerto Rico, Guam, and wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The main political principle used by previous administrations to justify this expansionism was the so-called Manifest Destiny, that it was inevitable for America to rule the world. Many events comprise the twentieth-century for America, but some of these events admittedly are more impactful than others, in terms of their continuing influence on the course of events for the country even today. Some events were celebratory, victorious or triumphal, but sadly also, some events were traumatic which seared the American citizen consciousness. It takes great discernment for an expert of history and political science to connect or relate the significance of these events to the current happenings all over the world. However, it is also incumbent on a student of history to detect and realize the subtle changes occurring in the country, which if these are viewed over the long term, form a distinct historical pattern. It is the purpose of this brief paper is to discuss some of these events and their perceived impacts. The most significant events are re-examined and a major theme is propounded to explain it. Discussion Some of these big events were the two world wars (First World War, 1914-1919 and the Second World War, 1939-1945), first flight by humans due to the Wright brothers (1903), the rise of free-market capitalism with the advent of big business barons (tycoons) who in turn controlled most of the American economy during the years of the Industrial Revolution such as banking, railways, manufacturing industries, the telegraph, mining, and shipping, the Great Depression (1929-1941) which destroyed a big portion of the nation's wealth and its citizens. It was preceded by the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 but one positive outcome of it all was that monetary and fiscal authorities are now better able to control e conomic crises than before, by lowering interest rates instead of raising the rates which worsened the depression. The Vietnam War (1959-1975) is the only modern war which America had lost but it created a new awareness among Americans about how their country conducts foreign policy. The loss has cast a long shadow over the way America now avoids any long-term involvement in military conflicts, extricating itself from Iraq and soon, from Afghanistan too. Citizens keep questioning the ethics of a preemptive war that has no clear objectives; its bitter memories are a constant reminder to how mission creep can drag a war with no hope for a victory. This lead to a growing sense of pacifism and conservatism, how the nation should use soft power in its international relations instead of relaying on regime change by overthrow (Kinzer 552). President Dwight D. Eisenhower became the foremost proponent of this change to a reliance on diplomacy rather than military power alone, by warning abou t the ill effects of the growing military-industrial complex which drains precious tax dollars away from important projects like education, health care, and infrastructure (Eisenhower 7). Growing involvement of the federal government in the national economy and in society as well started with Franklin D. Roosevelt in his New Deal programs but which

Features of administrative leadership and successful relationship with Research Proposal

Features of administrative leadership and successful relationship with the institution - Research Proposal Example Using the specific objectives and research questions as a scope for the study, secondary data were collected using the review of related literature. As part of the literature review therefore, the specific objectives were changed into thematic topics, under which the literature review took place. Some of the major findings that were made from the literature review touched on areas such as the general definition and meaning of administrative leadership and organizational relationship, leadership styles that works best in promoting effective relationship with the institutions, challenges faced in implementing an all inclusive institutional leadership, and benefits for using administrative leadership to enrich the relationships that exists within the institution. The proposed study also involves primary data collection, which requires the researcher to set up a research setting, from which data shall be collected from a group of respondents. The generalized reason for having such primar y data collection in place was to ensure that the data that were collected from secondary sources were compared with real life situations to confirm their authenticity and accuracy. Generally, the primary data collection was also focused on the need to have an action research that would ensure that a primary is identified within a localized setting and attempted to be solved by use of an intervention. In this instance, the problem to be identified was a leadership crisis situation that was making organizational cohesion difficult for an identified institution. The intervention on the other hand was to be the introduction of the administrative leadership style, which involves and enhances effective participation between the leader and other people on the administrative staff. The primary data collection is thus proposed to take place to take place within one specific educational organization. As part of the primary data collection, various methodological approaches were followed. In the first place, the sample size was developed. This was proposed to be done by selecting a group of employees from the institution that was to be used as the research setting. These people will be tasked to respond to a self-administered questionnaire that contains questions focusing on the research objectives and the research questions to be used for the study. With questions focusing on various leadership styles and leadership skills in place at the institution, key issues of leadership that did not promote successful relationship with the institution and ways of correcting these were to be identified. The data collection process is to be followed with data analysis, which is also expected to take a quantitative approach. What this means is that the researcher shall make use of various mathematical formulas and indexes that will ensure the empirical interpretation of data. 2-Abstract This proposal focused on the impact of administrative leadership in bringing about effective rela tionship in the institution. Data collection was change oriented as it focused on leadership crisis and ways of improving it. Ahead of this, secondary data had been collected using the critical review of literature. Key ways used in the study included: leadership, change, interpersonal relationship, democratic leadership, leadership style, delegation, conflict management, shared responsibility, competency training, training and development.

Human resourses and communication skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human resourses and communication skills - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that modern improvements in information technology have provided freedom to employees to work anytime and from anywhere. This, in turn, has led to weakening of the tie between organizations and their employees. Many organizations have adopted computer- interfaced communication technology supplanting the formal hierarchical structure in coordinating and managing relationships within and between organizations. A number of organizations have been inspired by improvements in information technology and started experimenting with electronic ways of working comprising of working from satellite centres, mobile work among others. In setting up groups, there are norms that should be established with each member of the team actively participating. Attention should be paid to the content and also keenly shape and evaluate the means it employs in accomplishing goals. The team process should include the ways in which members interact, communicate with ea ch other, and communicate with employees who are not in the team and a responsibility of ensuring accomplishment of goals. Team players in an organization will include managers of different sections headed by the managing director. For an organization’s success, these people should first form a united team comprising of all the norms. For instance, a sugar-manufacturing factory in which the managing director does not treat his colleagues with respect and dignity and in which there is a lack of transparency is bound to fail. This according to norms under which a team should operate brings out the lack of proper communication between the team. A case of communication breakdown may arise in such a scenario as one in which a department requires information from another department to do its job, while the other department ignores the request or fakes an excuse. This can result into conflicts. Alternatively, the conflict can be created by giving circular responses. Such as giving u nsatisfactory response when an issue being sort has not been worked on. For example, a purchasing department requires a confirmation note from the finance department to make orders. The finance department on the contrary delays in giving the response. This slows down the processes of an organization and can lead to conflicts within. In this context, we learn that proper human resource management can be best achieved by streamlining the communication channels and ensuring that prompt responses are given to requests. It equips us with corporate wellness management skills that will help in understanding communication skills. Another aspect that could derail the operations of the organization is a lack of transparency. This should be embraced within the team as well as the employees. Employees are supposed to be genuine with each other in terms of ideas, challenges and be free to confide in the management. Managers are charged with the responsibility of opening up space thus freeing peo ple to ask anything they need without being intimidated. For instance, an employee collapses while at work simply because he/she did not have the platform to express her condition due to fear of being dismissed. Some companies have stringent measures on employee misconduct, which intimidate the employees (Condrey 2010). This poses a challenge specifically to the human resource manager whose credibility in the employees’ welfares will be doubted. In this, we learn another role of the human resource management, which is increasing the staff in an organization. Under this, the management is charged with among other things recruitment and selection of human resources, and management of a typical employment and termination situations. The strength of a proper management is invested in the energy and training its employees. A majority of firms are taking their employees for ethics training as one of the means of safeguarding the image of their firms. This should be geared towards i ncreasing the awareness of ethical conduct and familiarizing

Are Drug Courts in United States Successful in Reducing Drug Crime and Term Paper

Are Drug Courts in United States Successful in Reducing Drug Crime and Recidivism - Term Paper Example Drug related crime is a vital issue which leads to injustice and curtails socio-cultural and economic development in the society. Within this context, drug related crime in America curbs the development process of the society as a whole. When individuals indulge in drug related crimes, the best possible way to get rid of the same is rehabilitation and follow up programs. One can easily identify that severe punishment cannot reduce drug crime because the individuals who are indulged in drug related crimes is not aware of its seriousness. Within this context, the drug courts in United States play an important role in reducing drug crime and recidivism. Thesis statement: The innovative measures adopted by the drug courts in United States prove successful in reducing drug crimes and recidivism (special references to the measures adopted by the drug courts to reduce drug crime and recidivism). I. Brief introduction to drug crimes and drug courts in US As pointed out, drug abuse leads to a number of crimes but it is not the grass root level cause for crimes. In general, illegal drugs like crack-cocaine, morphine etc leads to a number of criminal acts within the society. Within this context, drug trafficking, production and distribution leads to increase in organized crime. Stimmel (1996) opines that â€Å"Among the most prominent social effects of both illicit and licit drug use is its relationship with crime† (p.13). When more and more individuals consider drug trafficking as an easy way to earn money, the problems related to the same show increase. From a different angle of view, the drug crimes in US are interconnected with lack of economic and social support to the needy (say, the victims of drug abuse). But the traditional mode of treatment provided to the defendants is insufficient to meet their needs because it is based on punishment and long time sentencing in prisons. But Goldberg (2009), opines that â€Å"In gene ral, people are in favor of treatment for drug abusers but do not want drug treatment centers in their neighborhoods† (p.299). Besides, the victims of drug abuse are not in need of sympathy. But effective treatment can help them to the re-enter the mainstream society without further problems in their personal and public domains. Within the context of drug crimes in US, the drug courts play an important role in reducing drug abuse related crimes. Franco (2010), states that â€Å"Drug courts were quickly adopted by communities and states struggling with the challenges that stemmed from the growing abuse and trafficking of illegal drugs† (p.5). The drug courts in US consist of number of committees, which help the offenders to have easy recovery. For instance, the judiciary, mental health department, social service organizations etc co-operate to help the offenders to be away from the clutches of drug abuse and crimes. The history of drug courts in US is interconnected with the drug court in Miami- Dade County, which was established in the year 1989. One can see that the primary aim of drug courts in US is to provide drug treatment services to the needy and to promote public safety. Besides, rehabilitation services and evaluation of the measures adopted to reduce drug related crimes are other functions of drug courts in US. Within this scenario, local support and community support are important for the smooth functioning of drug courts. In short, the drug courts aim to provide treatment facilities to the non-violent offenders and help them to re-enter the mainstream society. II. Measures taken by drug courts in reducing drug crime and recidivism First of all, the traditional legal processing in US was inefficient and inadequate to reduce drug crime and recidivism. For instance, the traditional legal processing system in US gave importance to punishment, not treatment for the victims. Within this context, treatment provided by the traditional system wa s effective, but high rate of dropping out reduced the

Customer Commitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Customer Commitment - Essay Example roll’s guitar, on a scale of 1 to 10 the ethical breach would be 9 since it is clearly very unethical for a company to ignore repeated consumer complaints, especially when the services provided by United Airlines includes the comfort and satisfaction of their passengers. Since Mr. Carroll has already sent complaint letters multiple times, the best course of action to pacify him and come to agreement on how the complaints will be settled without the company having to admit total fault and giving his demands is by sending him an apologetic reply immediately and inviting him for a personal dialogue concerning his complaints and the possibility of settling the issue and gaining his trust back. This step can be further guided by Maxham & Netemeyer’s ethics process model (2003) which is customer-centered by putting all customers in the shoes of their clients, so that they could empathize with them and provide appropriate responses. It is expected to provide favorable outcomes for both United Airlines and Mr. Carroll if executed properly. While this step may seem simple, it is a necessary action to prevent Mr. Carroll from feeling that his complaints have been completely ignored and making him feel that he is an unimportant customer, as well as to prevent him from taking actions that can affect United Airlines as a whole prematurely (such as posting songs or complaints through the internet). In addition to the aforementioned mitigation steps for the issues with Mr. Carroll, as Regional Manager a meeting with other concerned divisions and supervisors must be called in to fully give the details that lead to the situation, to explain the repercussions that can happen and affect the impression and trust of important clients, stakeholders, and the public due to Mr. Carroll’s dissatisfaction and ignoring his complaints, and to create the terms of settlement that will be offered to Mr. Carroll such as creating a list of possible settlements and allowing him to choose only

Computer versus Paper charting for nurses Essay

Computer versus Paper charting for nurses - Essay Example With so many responsibilities and so much information to assimilate, it becomes even more essential to take care of the documentation of information as this is the only method to reduce errors. Charting information regarding medication, observations, patients' history, etc. has been an age old practice and is the responsibility of nurses. The purpose of the medical chart is to serve as both a medical and legal record of patient clinical status, care, history, and caregiver involvement. The detailed information contained in the chart is intended to provide the patient's clinical condition by detailing diagnoses, treatments, tests and response to treatment, as well as any other factors that may affect the clinical state of the patient. Hence, it is beyond doubt that documentation is one of the most important activities that needs to be accurate. This essay compares computer and paper charting methods and also discusses in detail the history of charting technology; reveal medication errors in computerized and non-computerized charting, illegibility of orders and double charting, and accuracy. In the 21st century, nursing informatics has become a part of the professional activities. Informatics has advanced the field of nursing by bridging the gap from nursing as an art to nursing as a science. The term medical chart is a general description of a set of information on a patient. It is important that the information in the chart be clear and to the point, so that those utilizing the record can easily access accurate information. In some cases, the medical chart can also assist in clinical problem solving by tracking the past history of the patient. For instance, the baseline information or status on admission, orders and treatments provided in response to specific problems, and patient responses can be easily retrieved from the medical chart. Another reason for the standard of clear documentation is the possibility of the legal use of the record. For example, these records are frequently investigated for insurance clams and when medical care is being referred to or questioned by the legal system, the chart contents are frequently cited in court. In the earlier days, all the documentation was prepared on paper. But today, most of these are fed into the computers directly and is stored in it. The disadvantages with the paper charting are as follows: it is a tedious process to write and store the records and it takes away a lot of space. Since nurses work in shifts, different nurses handle each record as a result different handwritings appear in single report. A single nurse handles several patients as a result there are high chances of medication errors with serious consequences. These factors are even more of a problem for those nurses who are working in intensive care units (ICU). With the increase in stress due to shortage of nurses, the working staff will be handling more patients and many times it is possible that errors occur in medication. Nursing Informatics is a broad ranging field that combines nursing skills with computer expertise. Nursing informatics is the modern technology that