Biometric Authentication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Biometric Authentication - Essay Example herefore designed several technology software which authenticate or grant an individual access to an account by virtue of a physical character such as a fingerprint. This kind of authentication is what is referred to as biometric authentication. The security of a nation is very sensitive and therefore military bases and locations of security valuables need to be under 24 hour surveillance to ensure that there is no breaching in the perimeter. Ministries of defense in various developed countries have therefore employed biometric authentication in their military bases to restrict access to only authorized people and not just anyone. This paper will be assessing biometric authentication in the context of Ministry of Defense and its necessities, alternatives, weaknesses and strengths among other pertinent issues. The biometrics technology does not go without fault as it has been termed as both a promising and disruptive technology. The main reason why a dedicated biometric solution is needed is because the current biometric authentication services are not applicable under certain circumstances. Before a biometric is chosen for use in biometric authentication, it is necessary that a suitability test be performed on the biometric authentication. Jain, Bolle, and Pankanti (1996) have identified several factors which point out to the necessity of a dedicated biometric solution. The first thing that needs to be considered is the universality of the trait; the biometric that is to be used should be possessed by everyone. The biometric needed for authentication should also be unique to a particular person. Another important factor is permanence. This is in relation to the manner in which the biometric changes over time. Role-based access

Chimney Sweeper Essay Example for Free

Chimney Sweeper Essay A great writer, or poet, will make their readers feel as if they are a part of their story. The reader will feel happy when the character is happy, or sad when the character is sad. This is achieved by various rhetorical strategies that writers use. Some of these strategies include imagery and word diction. Sometimes it is one sentence that really gets to the reader. Other times it is simply one word that can make the reader feel anything from warm to sad. In William Blake’s poem, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† from Songs of Innocence, there is an important transition in which the reader’s sense of emotions change from negative feelings of darkness, death, and misery to positive emotions of happiness, hope, and salvation. This transition in emotions reflects the child’s innocence and oblivion to his victimization whereas in the same poem from Songs of Experience the child is aware that he is the victim and therefore only reveals feelings of bitterness and sarcasm. This contrast is important to my understanding of the Innocence poem because it reveals a softer and more innocent perspective than the poem of Experience does. In the first half of the poem Blake uses word diction that gives off negative connotations in order to illustrate the horrible conditions the young chimneysweepers live in. The chimneysweeper says, â€Å"And my father sold me while yet my tongue/Could scarcely cry weep! weep! weep! weep! ’ (2-3). Not only does the word â€Å"weep† clearly give off a sense of sadness and depression, but the fact that it is repeated four times puts an emphasis on the sadness that the chimneysweeper feels. The quote implies that the father sold his child at a very young age. As a result, the child was still too young to weep and therefore could not refuse to be sold. Another quote says, â€Å"So your chimneys I sweep in soot I sleep† (4). When one hears the word â€Å"sweep†, they are imagining dirt and filth being lifted off the ground. Moreover, the phrase â€Å"in soot I sleep†, if one imagines it in a literal sense, shows that the child is literally sleeping in soot, which is the black debris that the smoke from the chimney creates. As a result, this quote illustrates a dirty and filthy setting that these chimneysweepers are forced to live in. A phrase that, without a doubt, gives off a sense of death and hell is â€Å"coffins of black† (12). The chimneysweeper uses this phrase to describe where the other chimneysweepers are locked in Tom’s dream, which is still filthy and almost suffocating. While these quotes and phrases observe and reveal the terrible conditions that these children are living in, the chimneysweeper in the Experience poem reasons why he is living in those conditions by blaming his parents. This comparison makes evident the different perspectives from each poem. Hints of hope are first revealed in the Innocence poem where Blake uses the child’s sarcasm to show that in moments of darkness and unhappiness there is still space for optimism so as not to suffer so much. This is revealed when the chimneysweeper reassures Tom to â€Å"never mind it, for when your head’s bare/You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair† (7-8). In a way this would make Tom feel hopeful because with a bare head, the soot cannot ruin his hair. But in a metaphorical sense, it implies that darkness (the soot) will not prevail over everything, which gives one hope. What follows this sense of hope is Tom’s description of his dream: And by came an Angel who had a bright key/And he open’d the coffins set them all free/Then down a green plain leaping, laughing, they run/And wash in a river, and shine in the Sun/Then naked and white, all their bags left behind/They rise upon clouds and sport in the wind. (13-18) This stanza contains numerous amounts of words and phrases that all give a positive connotation of hope, freedom, warmth, and happiness. Words such as â€Å"Angel†, â€Å"bright key†, â€Å"laughing†, â€Å"Sun†, and â€Å"white† give off a feeling that is too good to be true, which explains why it is a dream in the first place. But that hope and happiness is so strong that when Tom awakes, he continues his work happily. This utopian perspective clearly shows the innocence of these children, while the child in the poem of Experience has no sense of hope because he is aware of the reality he is living in. While the children in the Innocence poem use religious words and phrases to give them something to look forward to, the child in the Experience poem condemns religion. Blake shows how religion is used to almost condone the treatment and conditions of these chimneysweepers when he writes, â€Å"And the Angel told Tom, if he’d be a good boy/He’d have God for his father and never want joy† (19-20). This quote implies that obedience and sticking to your duties will bring happiness in the afterlife. The same thing is implied when the chimneysweeper says, â€Å"So if all do their duty they need not fear harm† (24). In other words, as long as these chimneysweepers continue with their gruesome work while refraining from complaints, they will be happy and will be rewarded in the afterlife for their good behavior. This mentality seems to convince the children that it is acceptable live in these horrible conditions because they will be rewarded once they pass. In contrast, the child in the Experience poem does not see the afterlife or God as something or someone to look forward to because he blames God for the position he is in. He mocks God by saying, â€Å"And are gone to praise God and his Priest and King/Who make up a heaven of our misery† (11-12). The child’s parents are praying in the church and believe that they have not caused their child any injury. In this case, it is the parents that are condoning the brutal life of their child. This major difference between the two poems is important because it reveals how differently each child views the situation they are in as chimneysweepers. Blake’s use of word diction and imagery in the poem of Innocence and in the poem of Experience differentiates the two opposing perspectives of each poem. Because the Innocence poem transitions from darkness and hopelessness to freedom and hopefulness, my understanding of this poem is extremely different from the other. It is clear that the chimneysweeper in the Experience poem is aware that he is the victim; therefore, his feelings of sadness and despair block him from seeing any hope. Instead, he blames God and his parents for the life he lives. In contrast, I am given the sense that the chimneysweeper in the Innocence poem is completely oblivious to the fact that he is a victim, and therefore it is easier for him to see the light in the darkest moments; in this sense he is still innocent of any hard feelings towards his father or God.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Wife of Bath - Feminist or Anti-feminist?

In view of the fact that the Wife of Bath herself does seem to behave in the manner women are accused of behaving by the anti-feminist writers, it is not impossible that the Wife of Bath's Prologue could be considered a vehicle for the anti-feminist message under the guise of a seeming "feminist" exterior, since her confession is frequently self-incriminating (e.g. her treatment of her husbands, her tendency to "swere and lyen") and demonstrates the truth of the claims made by the anti-feminists even while she is disparaging them and making them look bad -- as in her claim that anti-feminist writers (specifically the "clerks", i.e. learned scholars) are revenging themselves on women because of their own sexual impotence that prevents them from enjoying "Venus werkes", which is rather acute psychological analysis on her part, and extremely persuasive, until one remembers that the clerks are right about her at least, if not about other "wives". Her arguments in favor of marriage, though demonstrating a hearty common sense, are also suspect -- while it is true that marriage peoples the earth and replenishes existing stocks of "virginitee", her own marriages do not seem to have produced any offspring, and while it may be "bet [...] to be wedded than to brinne", her marriages, despite her claim that "in wyfhod I wol use myn instrument", do not seem to have prevented her from "goon a-caterwaw[ing]" and by inference engaging in fornication ("I ne loved nevere by no discrecioun / But evere folwede myn appetit, / Al were he short, or long, or blak, or whit") [good], which is after all what marriage was, according to her, supposed to prevent. Moreover, from the account she gives of her marriages, it becomes increasingly obvious t... ... usual folk stereotypical anti-feminism is shown to be justified in at least her case, the absurdity of the more virulent breed of anti-feminism is made clear by Jankin's book of "wikked wives", an erudite, if rather motley, collection of what are mostly homicidally-inclined females (Clytemnestra, Livilla etc.) that he seems to regard, or at least claim to regard, as the norm. As a result, the Wife of Bath's Prologue should not be dismissed simply as "merely an attack on women and married life"; there is much more ambiguity involved, and it would be inadvisable to ignore the fact that it is primarily a brilliant character-study of an individual rather than a didactical anti-feminist treatise in disguise. Work Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed Mack, Maynard et al. W. W. Norton and Co. New York, NY. 1992.

Earl of Warwick in revolt against Edward IV by 1469 Essay

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick has been labelled by historic tradition, with some justification, as the ‘kingmaker’. It is with his support that Edward IV was able claim the throne from Henry VI, Warwick’s support during the Wars of the Roses, and especially at the Battle of Towton was vital in putting the first Yorkist king on the throne. It is clear that he was instrumental in Edwards rise to the throne, however his contribution has sometimes been overemphasised. Pickering suggests that their alliance in taking the throne was equal, the victories Edwards own and even that Edward seemed more adept in battle than his ally. He says â€Å"Edward was neither ‘made’ by Warwick, nor controlled by him.† Nevertheless, his relationship with Richard, both as an ally and a friend, must have been very good. What lead him then, less than a decade later, to revolt against Richard in support of the exiled Henry VI? The first thing to understand about Warwick was his character and to see that it was pure ambition that drove him. With the romanticism that the epithet â€Å"Kingmaker† implies, one could picture him as the noble-knight. However he seems to have far from the vignette that is perceived from the word â€Å"Kingmaker†. Keen says of him â€Å"Warwick was not a wholly attractive character. His temper was short, and when thwarted he was sullenly unforgiving.† The Old English Chronicle (edited by T.Hearne) describes the unquenched ambition that drove him â€Å"his insatiable mind could not be content†¦there was none in England who was before him or who owned half the possessions that he did†¦yet he desired more†. It is with the possessions and the patronage that Richard Neville’s grievances with the king started to appear. Edward IV, as previously explained, came to the throne very much as Warwick’s protà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½gà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. He must have thought that with Edward on the throne he would have a controlling influence over the king, and with this influence the obvious power he so desired. Warwick was rewarded handsomely for his continued support, given titles and territories such as Captain of Calais, admiral of England and constable of Dover Castle, all of which were very important (and powerful) posts. He was by far the mightiest of Richards subjects, however he lacked the monopoly of Royal power that he yearned for, as royal patronage was (rightfully) extended to other leading Yorkists. Most prominently was Warwick’s stewardship of the duchy of Lancaster, given to Lord Hastings, and the lieutenancy of Southern Wales which was given to the recently knighted, Sir William Herbert. Despite this set back for Warwick, he still was in full support of Edward, and to some extent had control of Edwards thinking. Edward was still a relatively young king, and Warwick was there for advice, and with help in making decisions. Warwick’s support was also necessary for Edward, as his kingship was still under-threat in the north and west by Margaret of Anjou’s continued attempts to re-instate her husband to the throne. This drove Edward and Warwick together further more during the early years of Edwards reign, and indeed in 1462 Warwick seemed to have won a decisive battle for Edward. He forced the lords in Bramburgh (including Somerset and Sir Ralph Percy) to surrender to Edwards allegiance, on the condition that their lands were re-instated. Although this was not the final problems Edward faced from the Lancastrian supporters during his reign, it showed that in 1462, Warwick was firmly behind Edward as King of Britain. A factor which historians have usually put forward as a major cause of Warwick’s treachery is Edwards’s marriage to Elizabeth Woodville. In 1464, Warwick was, to further the kings alliance to France, arranging a marriage between the King and a French Princess. In the final stages of these arrangements, on 14th September 1464, Edward revealed to Warwick and the rest of his assembled nobles at the council in Reading, that he was already married to Elizabeth. The assembled magnets were stunned and horrified at the news, and it especially hurtful to Warwick who’s embarrassment over the whole French alliance marriage affair must have been huge. The chronicle of the time (Edited by J.Warkworth), says that after the announcement â€Å"(The Earl of Warwick was) greatly displeased with the king†¦And yet they were reconciled several times; but they never loved each other afterwards† One must however beware of putting, as traditionally been done, too much emphasise on this marriage as a turning point in the relationships between Edward IV and Richard Neville. It is certainly a major factor in the breakdown of their relationship, however one must take into account that it occurred five years before Warwick’s revolt, and Warwick, at least publicly, still supported the king during these years. Having said this, Richards marriage, though romantic and loving, was a serious, irresponsible mistake for a king to make. Elizabeth was, by Richards’s standards, a commoner. Edward was the first king since the Norman Conquest to marry a commoner; however this was not really the problem it was that he missed out on strengthening his position as king by arranging a more political marriage. Furthermore by marrying a Woodville, he alienated his other major noble families, especially the Neville’s. The Woodvilles, much to Warwick’s and others annoyance, managed with this marriage to promote their family to the upper echelons of the English aristocracy. It also enabled them to marry off some of their ‘lesser relations’ to be married to either nobility or families of a very high standing which further enhanced their political position. The marriage did have significant repercussions for the relationship of Edward and Richard, however Keen points out, that rather than the damage the marriage itself caused, it was the undermining of Warwick’s plans that led to their relationship, â€Å"If the marriage of the king put a period to his friendly association with Warwick-and it did-this was not, it would seem, because of its domestic repercussions, but because it was a direct challenge to Warwick’s continual diplomacy.† It was not, as the quotation states, because of the repercussions of the marriage domestically that Warwick felt aggrieved, rather it was because it aired publicly and formally for the first time Edwards’s difference in opinion with Warwick about the foreign policy that they should employ. It was clear from Warwick’s failed attempt to marry Richard off to a French Princess that Warwick was in favour of Edward forming an alliance with England’s traditional enemies, the French. Indeed, he had been in regular contact with Louis XI of France, in an attempt to broker an alliance between France and England. Richard, conversely, wanted put his support in his present enemy, the Burgundians. This was a contentious issue for the King to deal with, his leading advisor, whose protà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½gà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, he was, had completely antithetical views upon the very important issue of foreign relations, and it was hear that Edward proved that he was no longer dependent, or felt indebt of Warwick. He favoured the Burgundian option, and ignoring Richards’s pressure, he applied for and was granted a double subsidiary from the parliament to help support the Burgundians and ‘revive English continental ambitions’. Edward was maturing into his own king and he began to take more and more control over the running of the kingdom. Conversely of course, Richard Nevilles influence over the king was rapidly diminishing, and with this influence the power he so lusted after. It was this Maturity, and the lack of power that Warwick was afforded that ultimately, I believe led to Warwicks treachery. He had, when Edward was young, influenced and controlled the King. He had had his power that his personality demanded, however as Edward matured he started to take things into his own hands, which Richard, having tasted power, could not take. To make matters worse for Richard, power was being taken away from him and given to other nobility. His siblings were being passed over for marriage that was being afforded to others, and although his brother, George Neville, was enthroned as archbishop of York in September 1465, he felt his and his families power-base was faltering. It was here that Warwick decided to act, for the first time, against the king, in an attempt to enhance his standing. Firstly Warwick continued to negotiate with Louis XI. Keen describes Warwick’s actions, â€Å"For four years he instead continued to pursue with Louis’s encouragement what was in effect a private diplomacy of his own, independent and opposed to that of the king† He was effectively siding against his own king, believing the French to be more powerful than the Burgundians and also enhancing his own power-base if he ever wanted to challenge the king (which he goes onto do). At much the same time, however, Warwick was engineering the marriage, against the Kings wishes, of his daughter, Isabel, to the king’s younger brother and presumptive heir, George, Duke of Clarence. He would, if this marriage went ahead, become immediately more powerful, and a pose a threat to the Woodville’s dominance. Clarence, like Warwick, was extremely ambitious and would do almost anything to further his own cause. By the spring of 1469 Warwick and Clarence were in league with one another and also with Louis XI to undermine the Woodville’s, and possibly to over throw the king. Pickering says â€Å"Clarence encouraged Warwick to turn against the King and helped spread the rumour that his brother was not Duke Richard’s son but the bastard of an archer called Blaybourne† This rumour was almost certainly unfounded, yet both risked turning against their own king They did this for their own gain, one with the view of taking his brothers place as king, the other with the view to once again controlling the king himself. Thus in July 1469, Clarence defied his brother’s wishes and married Isabel and on the 12th July, Warwick, with the support of his brother Archbishop Neville and George, Duke of Clarence, published the ‘Calais Manifesto’.

Retaining High Potential Employees

Generally, talent management refers to the identifying, developing, and retaining high potential employees for top key business positions including training, career planning, HR development, succession planning, performance management, balanced demand and supply of qualified workforces so that the organization can reach to their target goal but the approaches vary from organization to organization (Mathis & Jackson, 2008, p. 292) [14]. Talent management is one of the fundamental terms in the operational area of HR governance where talent attraction, talent development, talent deployment and retention are four major paradigms to ensure the sustainability of human resources(Grobler, Bezuidenhout and Hyra, 2014) [15]. If there is no proper managerial succession planning, the practice of learning organization, career planning and mentoring, then the retention of highly talented people would be very challenging for the long run. The current study also expects the positive relationship between talent management and sustainable human resource development and develops the following hypothesis:H1: There is positive relationship between talent management and sustainable human resource development. 3.2 Consolidated HR policy:The practices of sound HR policies directs towards the strong committed labor pool for any organization. HR policy is the foundation of all HR activities. It is the written directions about the employment and plays a remarkable role to implement organization's HR strategy effectively like transforming organization into a more optimistic perception, transparency and psychological contact regarding the job (Watson, 2013) [16]. Moreover, it is not static dictation rather continuously updated and improved with the changing environment such as developing new HR policies, implementing, reviewing and ensuring that human resource expertise is represented as part of the skill set of the board of directors (Moore, 2011) [17]. The current study ought to examine the relationship between consolidated HR policy and sustainable human resource development and following hypothesis is developed:H2: There is positive relationship between consolidated HR policy and sustainable human resource development. 3.3 HR risk management:Although risk is inevitable in business environment, it is also common in HR practices. So, the organizations need to identify, observe, prioritize and manage key HR risks with a pragmatic, integrated and coordinated approach which might be comprehensive analysis of its personnel risks. For instance, the optimistic HR environment leads to the minimum level of risk and increases an organization's ability to manage risks. HR Risk Management Service Line Leader in the United States of America (USA); Christopher Lipski pointed that managing risk in the HR area has gaining increasingly importance for global executives (Ernest & Young, 2009) [18]. Good HR governance includes the proper risk monitoring activities such as standard code of ethics, contingent management, conflict, stress management and so on. As proactive approach, companies must be careful of becoming risk complacent when they assume that they can forecast the future accurately (Taleb, 2007) [19]. This hypothesis is developed to prove the following relationship:H3: There is positive relationship between HR risk management and sustainable human resource development. 3.4 Employee development:The actual growth of an organization completely depends upon the intelligent and skilled employees' collaborative team performance. From this perspective, employee development is an emerging issue for the sake of organizational development. It means the physical and psychological both development of employee and organization as a whole. Hence, it is believed that when human resources would develop, organization would be more flourished regarding its overall growth (Elena, 2000) [20]. Now, it is a common practice to all concerned organization to turn the human resources into the human capital through effective training and development, offering the scope of self-actualization, coaching and mentoring, on the job career development and overall interpersonal skill development which will lead to the intended employee performance. The following hypothesis is developed to examine the relationship between employee development and human resource development:H4: There is positive relationship between employee development and sustainable human resource development. 3.5 Compensation benefits:Simply, the compensation is the monetary value to an employee in return of his/her services. It comprises some other benefits and rewards for the employees which they receive in the forms of pay, wages, fringe benefits and so on which work as motivating factor behind their best performance (Holt, 1993) [21]. The behavioral aspects of employees are affected by compensation. Monetary benefits can increase feelings of self-reliance (Vohs, Mead, ; Goode, 2006, 2008) [22] and also increase pain tolerance (Zhou, Vohs, ; Baumeister, 2009) [23]. If the compensation system is appropriate for all then organizational policies and procedures could have their desired effects. Moreover the structure and implementation of compensation systems not only can affect employee motivation, but also can improve safety, quality, and creativity at their workplace. The following hypothesis focuses on the impact of compensation on human resource development:H5: There is positive relationship between compensation benefits and sustainable human resource development.3.6 Employee welfare:Employee welfare comprises various benefits and facilities such as allowances, housing, transportation, office time meal and medical insurance etc. It also includes monitoring of working conditions, creation of industrial harmony and so on. Employee welfare oriented environment leads to increase the number of satisfied employees which ultimately ensures the incremental profitability growth. Some common cherished employee welfare activities at workplace are flexibility in job responsibility, community benefits, transportation facilities, childcare facilities and so on. Some Bangladeshi organizations are practicing the employee participation in Workers Profit Participation Fund (WPPF) which is one of the significant fringe benefits for employee welfare. Bangladesh Labor Law (Amendment) 2013, Section 234 of the Act No. 42 of 2006[24]. -In Section 234 of the said Act – (a) Replacing Clause (b) of Sub – Section (1), the following Clause (b) shall be replaced, e.g.: (b) of the owner within maximum nine months from the completion of a year, 5 percent from the net profit for the year shall contribute to the WPPF with a proportion of 80: 10: 10 to the Participatory Fund, Welfare Fund and Workers' Welfare Foundation Fund established under Section 14 of the Bangladesh Workers Welfare Foundation Act, 2006[25]: Provided that if any employer has paid one percent (1%) of net profit to the Welfare Fund immediately before effectiveness of this Act, the Board of Trustees is obligated to transfer 50% of deposited amount in favor of the Welfare Fund to the Workers Welfare Foundation Fund. This hypothesis is developed to prove the following relationship:

The Crucible Book Review essays

The Crucible Book Review essays Arthur Miller, the son of a wealthy father who lost all of his money in the crash of 1929, quit school as a young child to support his family by holding several different odd jobs. From these jobs, Miller learned about the life of a simple man of America who became the highlight of many of his works (View from the Bridge, The Misfits). After working all of these odd jobs he finally discovered the value of literature. He convinced the University of Michigan to accept Miller as a student, even though he did have a full high school education. Miller paid his way through college by writing for a newspaper, and winning prize money from his writings. The book The Crucible was written with the average person in mind. This is because Arthur Miller had alot of interest in the common man. Because he worked many odd jobs trying to support his family, he could identify with the common man and the problems they were faced with. You can see Miller's concern for the common man in almost all of his plays. "Miller had associated himself with the common man so much that people thought that there might be the possibility of Miller being a communist" said Denis M. Calandra. You can also tell that Miller was gearing his style towards the common man by him actually telling you what he changed and the accuracy of the play, he also tells you what is going on through out the whole book. The book The Crucible was not a translation, compilation, or a revised edition. The book The Crucible was first published in the United States of America by the Viking Press in 1953, and then in 1964. The other dates that Viking Press published The Crucible are 1965 (twice), 1966, 1967, 1968 three times, 1969 (twice), 1970 (twice), 1971 (twice), 1972 (twice), 1973, 1974, 1975, and 1976. Then, in 1976 Penguin Books started publishing the book till 1986. The copyright dates on The Crucible are 1952, 1953, 1954, and the last copyright date was in 1981. ...

Gandhi IVF Summary Essays - Ascetics, Gujarati People, Free Essays

Gandhi IVF Summary Essays - Ascetics, Gujarati People, Free Essays Daniel Kang Ms. Menard Honors English 8 26 March 2014 Gandhi IVF Summary Gandhis Non Cooperation inspired many Indians on August 12, 1920. If the British Ministers and the British nation do not fulfill the pledges given to them and do not wish to regard with respect the sentiments of the 70 millions of the inhabitants of India who profess the faith of Islam, it will be impossible for them to retain Islamic loyalty (Gandhi 327). Gandhi reiterates this statement by not cooperating with the British government and giving the British a hard time. I have been told that non-cooperation is unconstitutional. I venture to deny that it is unconstitutional. On the contrary, I hold that non-cooperation is a just and religious doctrine; it is the inherent right of every human being and it is perfectly constitutional (Gandhi 329). Gandhi rightfully exercises this right in rebelling against the British government. I tell you that whilst my friend believes also in the doctrine of violence and has adopted the doctrine of non-violence as a weapon of the weak, I believe in t he doctrine of non-violence as a weapon of the strongest (Gandhi 330). Gandhi recommends non-violence as a great weapon that mighty Indians would use against the government. I am not anti-English; I am not anti-British; I am not anti any Government; but I am anti-untruth, anti-humbug, and anti-injustice. So long as the Government spells injustice, it may regard me as its enemy, implacable enemy (Gandhi 332). Gandhi acknowledges that he does not hate the government. He firmly says that he is not willing to cooperate with untruthful and injustice people.

3 Tips for Composing a Successful MBA Application Essay by Lauren Gartner

3 Tips for Composing a Successful MBA Application Essay 3 Tips for Composing a Successful MBA Application Essay Your BS in business is within reach – perhaps only a semester left. And yet you also know that a Bachelor’s in business administration will not qualify you for many career positions. What’s more, the positions that are available are flooded with applicants just like you. So, you have decided that the best course is to get right on with graduate school and get that Masters in Business Administration. Then, many more doors are automatically opened. One hurdle in this application process will be that application essay – maybe more – that you will have to prepare, and that will figure importantly as reviewers look over your applicant materials. Below you will find 3 tips for writing essays that will be exceptional and memorable. Common Application Essay Questions You can probably expect to write a minimum of two MBA application essay pieces in response to several prompts. One prompt is usually required and then you may choose from the remaining ones for your 2nd essay. Tip 1 The Required Essay: Every B-school is going to ask you about your goals. In this essay you will need to consider the following: What will be your area of specialty in your master’s program? Perhaps you have decided on operations, or finance, or HR. You need to think about why this specialty is exciting to you and convince the reader of your excitement. Once you have your MBA, what are your career goals? Be as specific as possible here and explain why this goal is a match for you personally. Are you looking to join a large corporation with the potential of a position overseas? Have you prepared for that by studying a foreign language? These things show that you have really thought about your goals and have already taken steps to achieve them. Tip 2 The Optional Essay Prompts: Every school has variations of these, but in general they will relate to the following: What do you bring to the business school community? What leadership roles have you already experienced, what was your style, and what did you achieve? What management theory aligns best with our style? Here, you need to be cautious and do not talk in extremes (e.g., there is only one theory that best fits). Situational management is pretty big right now, so, while you may have a favorite theory and a preferred style, you need to appear to be flexible. What specific skills and talents do you have that will make you a good manager/administrator. And how were those skills and talents developed? Tip 3 Essay Writing: If you are not really skilled in essay writing, you will need to get some help. These essays are far more important than that simple one you wrote for college admissions 4-5 years ago. These are heavily scrutinized, and they must be scholarly, beautifully-written, and highly engaging. You may have great thoughts but if you cannot translate them to the printed word, you are in trouble. Getting That Help: 3 Options If within your circle of friends, relatives, and acquaintances, you have any accomplished writers, you may want to seek assistance there. However, you also want to be certain that they have some understanding of business administration as well. If you have a decent relationship with both an English and a business professor on campus, you can certainly solicit help from these two. Generally, however, they will want you to write the essays and they will provide suggestions for revision and polishing. You can contract with a professional writing service that has graduate-degreed business writers on staff. They have lots of experience with these essays and will happily take your thoughts and ideas and craft exceptional essays for you. Just make sure best essay writing service. Don’t jeopardize your chances for admission by mediocre essays. This is just too important to your future. Take the tips seriously and get the help you need.

The unconventional and powerful women of uncle tom's cabin Research Paper

The unconventional and powerful women of uncle tom's cabin - Research Paper Example The behaviors that are described are used specifically to create a different understanding of the women in the book and to provide a different sense of insight to the women of the time period and the roles which were carried out with the responses to slavery. The main ideologies which are seen in â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† are based on showing the conventional women as a main identity juxtaposed against those that don’t have the same ideals. The concept of the conventional woman is based on those who are submissive in society and which have a demeanor that is below men and is known for beauty. The unconventional women reject this ideal and move against this to create an outlook that is tough, rigid and which doesn’t conform to the submission that is a part of the social acceptance of gender. A point that shows this is when Marie becomes angry with her cousin. â€Å" ‘Delicacy! Said Marie, with a scornful laugh – ‘a fine word for such as s he! I’ll teach her, with all her airs, that she’s no better than the raggedest black wench that walks the streets! She’ll take no more airs with me!’† (Stowe, 366). This is an important line in the story as it shows the difference between the women. The identity of one is based on beauty, delicacy and the ‘lady-like airs.’ However, Stowe sides with the Marie who is interested in making the woman into a ‘wench’ and to teach her a lesson about the realities of life. The identity of gender leads from the conventional to one who rebels against this because of the values that are learned with gender. The unconventional ways in which Stowe focuses on the women in the book leads to one of the main controversies, specifically because of the time frame in which this was written in. The sentimental value doesn’t come from the lady like airs, but rather the toughness of the women. The value which is created among male scholars is one which would be associated with the lack of gender identity among the women. However, for women, there is a sense of identity, feminine power and value to the women which creates a type of sentiment and understanding to those that are in this condition. The representation of the women is then able to speak to an audience that moves beyond male scholars and instead speaks to the women who have the same conflicts with the belief that they are inferior because of their gender (Tompkins, 123). The concept of speaking to women, creating sentimental value and going against the convention all work together with several examples through â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin.† Stowe is able to show how the idea of being unconventional is the only thing which allows the women to overcome their condition that is noted throughout the book. It also gives a sense of acceptance to those that don’t stay in the normal identity and which are able to create their own power by remaining ou tside of this. For instance, when Miss Ophelia and Marie are speaking, there is reference to Marie’s past life and her children. Marie states â€Å"Well, of course, I couldn’t bring them. They were little dirty things – I couldn’t have them about; and, besides, they took up too much of her time; but I believe that Mammy has always kept up a sort of sulkiness about this† (Stowe, 192). Marie then refers to her children as selfish and her need to take care of herself. The unconvention

Business studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business studies - Essay Example As an employer, Mark Quinn looks almost ideal as he does not blast the careless carpenter with expletives for ruining a certain angle in the drawer. In short, RAFT has a working advantage over its competitors. It assumes a humble attitude to business building and not only showcases it in its marketing and human resource management departments, but extends it to the accounting and finance department. RAFT has efficiently attained the balance between attending to challenges in its external environment and conjuring new ideas to create profit. It is important to understand the new business model and ideology to be able to frame the case completely. On undertaking a SWOT analysis of the case, we shall agree with what Mark Quinn has to say. The human resource management department has a couple of interesting strengths like skilled employee base and focused staff who do their work diligently and ensure that orders are churned out at sustainable speeds. The performance can be enhanced in terms of quality and speed through subsequent training. The accounting and finance department would do well with more ecommerce and franchisee centers, although it has been able to tide over the aftermath of Recession and enjoy steady annual profit. The marketing of the brand is sturdy, with a conviction in design and a negation of existing flaws. Its green marketing initiative supercedes its societal marketing initiative in a subtle way. There is also the evergreen scope of improving and creating new product designs using better ideas. But i s this enough? While everything looks so picture perfect, parts of the business that need strengthening are the design, skill, and sustainability aspects. The designs can definitely be much better since customers are likely to tire out of the rugged finish of recycled teak in repeating product cycles, when they find them in stores in the same design over and over again. Designing new models, therefore, is a challenge that

Topic 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Topic 2 - Essay Example eveloped a close relationship with her family for I was the most approachable practitioner whom they could seek information from regarding their relative’s progress. However, despite the professionalism I employed in aiding this patient, eventually she ended up taking her life thus distressing their relatives even more despite hoping for the best. Despite this incidence, parents managed to bear with the reality though complicating it further by requesting me as an expert to eulogize their daughter during her funeral. They needed me to talk good of her especially the time she was undergoing medication, which entailed even distorting medical documents to show she did not commit suicide. This is contrary to a medical practitioners’ ethics for we are compelled to relay the truth to clients though with astuteness such that the information will not worsen their predicament. I cannot deny at first due to the closeness I had with Jenny’s parents was almost giving in to the idea but my consciousness besides what I am supposed to adhere to; found myself in a dilemma. I struggled with this aspect for sometime without knowing what to tell the parents but eventually saw it was better that I excuse myself citing of other responsibilities. I also made them know my decline despite tied up by other essential tasks was to safegua rd Jenny’s dignity despite being dead. Generally ethical events result from various situations. An example of an ethical event may be a situation whereby a professional limits a client’s right to self-determination against their wishes. For instance, this situation may arise when a social worker fights for involuntary psychiatric hospitalization of a client/patient who happens to be troubled. Sarah, a social worker, for years had been serving her community through providing assistance to the mentally ill individuals. Often, she would assist the mentally ill patients get psychiatric hospitalization. For patients with families, she would ensure

Values Supporting High Performance Work System Research Paper

Values Supporting High Performance Work System - Research Paper Example 2. Diversity and Equality Management Systems (DEMS) For the last many years, business organizations are inclining their human resource management systems to promote diversity and Equality management systems to effectively compete in global markets. Whether an organization is multinational or aims to exist as multinational organization, commitment to equality and workforce diversity should be the major concerns of the HRM. While hiring the people, HRM of an organization is responsible for collecting the people with a variety of skills along with giving them equal opportunities of promotion and payment according to their aptitude (Marler 2012). An ideal Diversity and Equality Management System of a firm must involve diversity training and also monitor the recruitment procedure of the company. The minority or other disadvantaged groups are also dealt with special concern, where their pay and promotion are revised. Recently, many of the European business organizations are emphasizing to adopt the DEMS as one of the practices of Strategic Human Resource Management (George and Jones 2011). The term equality in DEM is wider in its meaning as there is a legislative initiative taken in Europe. Therefore, the Equality Act of 2010 can be seen covering the age, disability, pregnancy and maternity, religion or belief, race, sex, marriage and civil partnership, gender reassignment and sexual orientation. Moreover, in 2005 European Commission studied the extent of diversity and anti-discrimination policies in European companies. The results were satisfactory as 48% of the firms had applied the DEM system and 83% out of those firms had found DEM as a significant strategy for business growth. Thus, diversity and equality can be understood as giving value to variety and individual differences. So, while applying the practice of diversity, requirements of equality are fulfilled, as differences between the individuals, organizations and societies are valued. Though, this strategy is being emphasized to be made as part of HRM practices (Kumra, Manfredi and Vickers 2012). DEM and Recruitment The recruitment process under the practice of DEM is held very fairly because people are not rejected on any discriminatory reasons, such as race, gender or religion. Therefore, advertisements are taken place on web sources and through job centers, which will reach larger number of people can have access the advertisement from different backgrounds of expertise and skills. The job description is supposed to be clear and understandable so that applicants are evaluated on the basis of decided criteria. On the other hand, during the interview for a position, views of one person should not be taken into account but more than one person should decide the appropriate person for the position. Thus, it can be said that in order to establish an ideal DEMS within an organization, recruitment process is the initial step to set a system of equality. 3. DEM Supports High Performance Wo rk System The Diversity and Equality Management System is widely supported by business organizations because the kind of systems supports the implementation of High Performance Work System. DEM is advantageous for both the employees and for the business. Some of the benefits of DEM are discussed below that contribute the business to elevate. i. Balanced Workforce Any organization that desires to be prospered in its particular segment needs to have a balanced

Leadership Styles and Conflict Resolution Assignment

Leadership Styles and Conflict Resolution - Assignment Example re not honest when performing their roles as leaders as they tend to misuse the resources and tend to misuse their powers to misuse other people in the group. A leader must be honest in everything they handle, and this creates comfort and confidence with the leadership especially to employees. The second leadership quality is focus. A leader who is focused on his job tends to work better and relate well with his/her employees. For example, if a leader is not sure with what he/she is doing, how can people be sure of him/her and what he is doing? This makes the employees lose respect for the leader and tend to withdraw existing respect they had for the leader. The third leadership quality is respect. Respect is always applicable in all fields. A good leader must pay respect to his/her employees or group members. If a leader respects his/her members, the members of the group will also respect him. It will start by treating people with equal perspectives with no ranks or class (Bass and Ruth 201). The leadership is participative or democratic leadership. This type of leadership calls for participation from group members in helping the leader run errands of the group. This type of leadership is used when the errands of the group are at a standstill. A collective or participative type of decision making is used during this type of leadership. This means that members help the leader to make decisions for the group, and thus, everyone contributes to the decision making (Bass and Ruth 241). At some point in high school, I was captain of the basketball team. It reached a time when there was one student who was a drug addict, but he was the best player in the team. The team patron announced that we should do away with him or else the team would not participate in the competitions that were due in one week. I called for a meeting with the team, and I laid down the topic for discussion. I used participative leadership to arrive at a decision. The team resolved to do away

Values Supporting High Performance Work System Research Paper

Values Supporting High Performance Work System - Research Paper Example 2. Diversity and Equality Management Systems (DEMS) For the last many years, business organizations are inclining their human resource management systems to promote diversity and Equality management systems to effectively compete in global markets. Whether an organization is multinational or aims to exist as multinational organization, commitment to equality and workforce diversity should be the major concerns of the HRM. While hiring the people, HRM of an organization is responsible for collecting the people with a variety of skills along with giving them equal opportunities of promotion and payment according to their aptitude (Marler 2012). An ideal Diversity and Equality Management System of a firm must involve diversity training and also monitor the recruitment procedure of the company. The minority or other disadvantaged groups are also dealt with special concern, where their pay and promotion are revised. Recently, many of the European business organizations are emphasizing to adopt the DEMS as one of the practices of Strategic Human Resource Management (George and Jones 2011). The term equality in DEM is wider in its meaning as there is a legislative initiative taken in Europe. Therefore, the Equality Act of 2010 can be seen covering the age, disability, pregnancy and maternity, religion or belief, race, sex, marriage and civil partnership, gender reassignment and sexual orientation. Moreover, in 2005 European Commission studied the extent of diversity and anti-discrimination policies in European companies. The results were satisfactory as 48% of the firms had applied the DEM system and 83% out of those firms had found DEM as a significant strategy for business growth. Thus, diversity and equality can be understood as giving value to variety and individual differences. So, while applying the practice of diversity, requirements of equality are fulfilled, as differences between the individuals, organizations and societies are valued. Though, this strategy is being emphasized to be made as part of HRM practices (Kumra, Manfredi and Vickers 2012). DEM and Recruitment The recruitment process under the practice of DEM is held very fairly because people are not rejected on any discriminatory reasons, such as race, gender or religion. Therefore, advertisements are taken place on web sources and through job centers, which will reach larger number of people can have access the advertisement from different backgrounds of expertise and skills. The job description is supposed to be clear and understandable so that applicants are evaluated on the basis of decided criteria. On the other hand, during the interview for a position, views of one person should not be taken into account but more than one person should decide the appropriate person for the position. Thus, it can be said that in order to establish an ideal DEMS within an organization, recruitment process is the initial step to set a system of equality. 3. DEM Supports High Performance Wo rk System The Diversity and Equality Management System is widely supported by business organizations because the kind of systems supports the implementation of High Performance Work System. DEM is advantageous for both the employees and for the business. Some of the benefits of DEM are discussed below that contribute the business to elevate. i. Balanced Workforce Any organization that desires to be prospered in its particular segment needs to have a balanced

Microeconomics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Microeconomics - Term Paper Example Their intent was to establish a national minimum standard of living and stabilize the economy by regulating pay of the poorest social class. The outcomes from this grand experiment are varied. Social activists maintain that it prevents greedy businesses and heartless corporations from exploiting the lowest wage earners. Economists hypothesize that it may actually reduce employment and deepen the wounds of poverty. Politicians seek to justify the law to constituent consumers and small business owners (many of whom pay must pay part-time workers above their market value). This paper will examine issues surrounding the Minimum Wage Law. Minimum wage’s ability to strengthen the economy remains subject to intense analysis and research. Legislators intend the law to provide workers and their families with a livable wage, yet many question whether it achieves that or whether it fits into our free market society. The New Deal and its associated recovery programs were viewed by some as "a drastic control of capitalist exploitation, involving a socially planned economy in which the depersonalized pursuit of private profit is subject to check at a thousand strategic points" (MacIver 836). In spite of these goals, traditional capitalists contend that the law contributes to inflation, creates unemployment, and harms small businesses. Some go so far as to call it unconstitutional and counter to the spirit of free market economics. Regardless of whether minimum wage fits into our free market ideology, leaders have an obligation to implement policies that offer significant overall benefits to the good of its citizens, especially those in the most need. This leads to three questions about regulating base pay: First, is it necessary to alleviate suffering, hunger, or inhumane hardship? Second, is there a significant economic reward gained by the employing individuals at a minimum cost?

Receivable Management Essay Example for Free

Receivable Management Essay The company will come to know about the existing flaws in the system. The recommendations would help the company to overcome the same. It will also help the company to know which portal is generating more revenue, which position and many other things which generate grab major part of the revenue. [pic] Management Of Accounts Receivable Management of receivables is a process under which decisions to maximize returns on the investment blocked in them are taken. Thus, the main objective of management receivable is to maximize the returns on investment in receivables to minimize risk of bad debts etc. Because investment in receivables affects liquidity and profitability, it is, therefore, significant to maintain proper level of receivables. Accounts receivable represent sales that have not yet been collected as cash. It explains that merchandise or services in exchange for a customers promise to pay at a certain time in the future. Accounts receivables of a firm are created on both the side of the productive system. On one side of this system, the firm may make advance payments to the suppliers of the raw material to ensure timely supply, when the supplier holds the monopolistic position. On the other side of the productive system, accounts receivable are created by a firm when it sells its output on credit. These are termed as sundry debtors. Sundry Debtors constitute nearly 60% of the Accounts Receivables. Four Aspects Of Management Of Sundry Debtors: 1. Credit Policy needs to be determined. This involves a trade off between the profit on additional sales that arise due to credit being extended on the one hand and the cost of carrying those debtors and the bad debts losses on the other hand.

Graphical User Interface For The 3 Axis Cnc Milling Machine Computer Science Essay

Graphical User Interface For The 3 Axis Cnc Milling Machine Computer Science Essay This paper details the design and development of a Graphical User Interface for the 3-Axis CNC Milling Machine, which was designed in-house for testing and research purposes at the University of the South Pacific. The 3-axis CNC Milling Machine used COM Port terminal software, TeraTerm to communicate with the electronics hardware via RS232 link. The GUI was developed using Microsoft ® Visual Basic 2008 Integrated Development Environment. The end result is an interface that is user friendly and is capable of controlling various tasks of the Milling Machine. This paper aims to explain how simple components of Microsoft ® Visual Basic 2008 has been used to design a Windows ® based user interface which is capable of complete control of CNC milling machine. Keywords: GUI, Serial Port, CNC, G Codes, STEP NC 1. INTRODUCTION Over the years a number of methods have been developed to control machine tools. The most widespread used throughout the industry is the G Code language for NC machine tools programming. It is based on the data model stipulated by ISO6983, and has been used for over 50 years [1]. G codes, however, limits the usage of todays fast evolving high-performance hardware [2]. The latest development in NC machine tools programming is ISO 14649 or STEP NC. It is a new standard for data transferring between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying the machining processes rather than machine toolmotion by means of Workingstep, as the basic entity [1] Whichever method of programming NC machine tools is used, it is always important to verify the program before doing actual testing. Verification of NC part programs using a PC is inexpensive compared to testing on model parts. Cutting simulation as a means of testing and verifying NC cutting paths has become an important part of modern machining [3]. With the latest advancements in PC technology and 3D graphics it is much easier to simulate NC cutting paths. A common CNC executes G-code programs, which are generated as a result of planning and scheduling in CAM tools [4]. However an interface is required to send or execute NC part program to the CNC. The user interface is the communication Tool between the operator and the PC-based CNC drilling machine, via the computer screen [5]. The recent advancement in software development technology using Object Oriented Programming (OOP) has made it possible to create simple user interface with a sound communication link to control NC machines. In 2002 [5], a GUI was developed at the University of the South Pacific for a PC-Based computer numeric control drilling machine. The platform for the graphical user interface (GUI) was written in Borlands new rapid application product, C++ Builder ®. Gordon and Hillery [6] developed a Windows ® based graphical user interface for their CNC cutting machine. The user interface communicated with the machine via RS232 serial link. The programming environment used was Borland C++ Builder 3, which allowed the visual development of the program interface. The user interface developed also had features for homing the three axes, editing of NC part program (G Codes) and also previewing the two dimensional cutter motion. This paper mainly focuses on the design of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the 3-Axis CNC milling machine. The user interface has been designed in Microsoft ® Visual Basic 2008 Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The features of the GUI are explained in detail. 2. OVERVIEW OF CNC MILLING MACHINE The CNC Milling Machine was designed in-house at the School of Engineering and Physics (SEP) at the University of the South Pacific (USP), for testing and research purposes. It uses an absolute three dimensional coordinate system to create its tool path. It sequentially passes instructions which are in the form of three dimensional coordinates to the Milling Machine for controlling the tool, similar to how G Codes are used. The operational framework of the CNC milling machine is shown in Figure 2.1. It consists of a dedicated PC running Graphical User Interface Software which is used to upload a text file containing X, Y and Z coordinates. It also has features to control the milling operations and to get a two dimensional cutter path preview. The software is linked to the electronics hardware via RS232 serial link. Figure 2.1 Operational framework of the CNC Milling Machine The current CNC Milling machine is only capable of linear interpolation (G01), in terms of G Codes, or moving linearly from one point in the three dimensional space to the next point. To mill different geometries other than straight lines the milling machine has to be given a number of coordinate points which can be used to approximate that particular geometry. For instance to mill a curve the milling machine needs to be given a set of points which lie on the curve. Similar method was used by Min-Yang Yang and Won-Pyo Hong [7] in their three dimensional linear interpolation algorithm. The CNC Milling Machine uses an absolute three dimensional coordinate system (X, Y, and Z) for its tool path generation. The three dimensional coordinates are defined in a text file. Each of the three coordinates has three characters in the text file for instance the X coordinate 0 is defined as 000 in the text file. The Basic Length Unit (BLU) is in millimeters. The electronics architecture of the CNC milling machine consisted of five PIC microcontrollers (PIC16F877) in a distributed architecture, with one master controller and several slave controllers. The master controller of the CNC Milling Machine consists of a PIC16F877 microcontroller which is responsible for coordinating and controlling the overall operations of the Machine. It is the central intelligence system of the CNC Milling Machine. It receives its commands from the user through a user interface and commands other co PIC16F877 Microcontrollers in a distributed architecture to carry out their respective tasks. The mechanical hardware consists of three stepper motors which drive the three axis of the CNC Milling Machine. It also has a 24V DC Motor which is the spindle motor. The worktable consists of clamps to clamp the workpiece firmly on the worktable. For feedback, the machine constitutes of limit switches which control the limit of the worktable. 3. USER INTERFACE Until recently, the CNC machine was using COM port terminal software, TeraTerm, to communicate with Master Controller via RS232 link. The GUI was designed to provide a user friendly interface instead of typing coordinates in TeraTerm. The GUI was designed using Microsoft ® Visual Basic 2008 and coded in BASIC (Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). The overall design of the main form of the user interface is shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1 Main form of the GUI It was decided to incorporate the following features in the GUI Opening of text file which contains the coordinates. Previewing of coordinate file (or tool path) in two dimensional X and Y axis Communication with the CNC Machine via RS232 link Milling control features such as homing, manual jog etc Displaying coordinate file 3.1 File Input The GUI contains a MenuStrip at the top of the main form on which there are three menus, File, Setup and Help. The File menu contains an Open menu which opens a file browser window as shown in Figure 3.1.1. The software utilizes an OpenFileDialog control of Visual basic 2008 to prompt the user for the files path. It allowed the user to choose which text file to open in the program. The OpenFileDialog control contains the Filter property which was used to control the type of file to be opened in the program. The only extension allowed was the *.txt. The ShowDialog() method was used to display the Open Coordinate File dialog box on the screen. The FileName property was used to get the path specified by the user. The dialog box is shown in figure 3.1.1 Figure 3.1.1 Open Coordinate File dialog box After getting the path from the user, the program used a FileOpen() function to open the file specified by the user. The end of file function, EOF() was used to iterate through the file until the no more coordinates are left. The LineInput() function was used get a line of coordinates into a string variable. This string variable was then extracted to get the X, Y and Z coordinates in a separate array. The array containing the X, Y and Z coordinate was then used later to generate two dimensional previews and to send to the CNC milling machine. Finally the FileClose() function closes the text file. 3.2 Tool Path Preview The graphical user interface that is designed also contains a two dimensional preview feature which can be used to preview the path taken by the milling tool on the workpiece. The GUI uses the system.drawing.graphics namespace to create tool path. The preview panel, as shown in figure 3.2.1, gives a two dimensional (X, Y) preview of the tool path which will be followed by the cutting tool. It is also to check and verify that the input text file does not contain errors. A Preview command button is used to generate preview. This is activated only when a valid coordinate file is loaded. The GUI utilizes system.drawing namespace which includes system.drawing.graphics class to draw the preview. The DrawLines() method was used to draw a series of lines according to the X and Y coordinates in the coordinate file. Figure 3.2.1 Tool Path Preview control The use of three-dimensional absolute coordinate system has made the previewing algorithm much easier since the preview is two dimensional (X, Y), the program utilizes these X and the Y coordinates to draw a preview of the shape in the preview panel. Once the Preview command button is clicked, the btnPreview_Click event procedure gets the array containing the X and Y coordinates which was previously read from the text file. The procedure then used these coordinates as points to draw a series of lines using the DrawLines() method. Since absolute coordinates are used, the lines connect from the end point of the first X, Y coordinate to the start point of the next X, Y coordinate. In this way the path taken by the cutter is drawn by connecting the series of points. 3.3 Milling Controls The GUI on the main form contained a group box with a number of command buttons for commanding the milling machine. The Home command button was used to command the milling machine to rapidly move to its home position. Figure 3.3.1 Milling Control panel The advantage of using a software interface to control the CNC Milling Machine is that it acts like a control panel of the CNC which resides on the PC. Several command buttons have been used on the main form to command the CNC Milling Machine to carry out various tasks. The Home command button is used to command the CNC Milling Machine to move to its home position. The milling control also contains a command button Start to run or to send the coordinates to the milling machine to start milling. The flowchart in figure 3.3.2 shows this. Figure 3.3.2 Flowchart showing the start subroutine 4. COMMUNICATIONS The user interface for controlling the milling machine resides on a dedicated PC. Therefore there should be some means of communication between the software and the electronics hardware. A standard desktop personal computer consists of several communications ports. These include parallel port (LPT1), serial port (COM), PS/2 ports and Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports. Serial port communications has been used to with the electronics hardware. The Serial port or RS232 has several port settings that need to be set. The advantage of this obsolete technology is that it best suits the application we are designing, and the amount of data that needs to be sent to and from the milling machine. Figure 4.1 shows the dialog box that appears to the user when the user chooses Serial Port from the Setup Menu. On this dialogue box the user can choose the port settings. The reason for including this control is so that the application may work on different PCs. The default port setting is shown in figure 4.1. Figure 4.1 Serial Port Configuration dialog box The communications via RS232 was made possible using the system.IO.ports namespace, and the SerialPort class of Visual Basic 2008. The SerialPort class consisted of properties/attributes, methods and events which was used in the communication algorithm. The ReadExisting() method was used to read data from the PCs serial port receive buffer (Rx). The Write() method was used to send string data to the electronics of the CNC Milling Machine. The flowchart in figure 4.2 demonstrates how the communication to the milling machine is made when the user clicks ok on the dialog box in figure 4.1. Figure 4.2 Flowchart showing the communication algorithm followed. 5. TESTING AND DEBUGGING One problem faced during the development and testing of the GUI was run time errors or exceptions. Runtime errors or exceptions occur as a result of normal operating conditions [8]. For example errors when the GUI is trying to open a COM port which is being used by another program. The problem was overcome using structured error handling or the Try†¦Catch code block in Visual Basic. The GUI used message boxes to display appropriate messages to the users when an exception occurred and allowed the program to continue. The preview part of the GUI was tested by opening a text file containing 165 X, Y, Z points. These points resembled a circle in two dimensional (X, Y) planes. The result is depicted in Figure 5.1 which shows the tool path generated on the preview panel. Figure 5.1 Tool Path preview showing the preview of a circle Furthermore, the same file was used to mill a circle on softwood with the following settings: Feedrate 75mm/min Spindle Speed 2500RPM Cutting Tool Diameter 5mm The result is shown in Figure 5.2. The result shows that the Graphical User Interface made no errors while sequentially sending coordinates to the milling machine. Figure 5.2 Output of the CNC Milling Machine 6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Based on the result in the previous section of this paper, it can be concluded that the GUI design was successful. The GUI was able to communicate with the electronics hardware of the CNC Milling Machine using RS232 serial link. The preview algorithm of the program also worked well. Finally the GUI was able to sequentially send (X, Y, and Z) coordinates representing cutter path in three dimensional space, to the CNC Milling machine. However, a number of tasks can be carried out in the future to improve the performance of the GUI and to enhance the output of the CNC Milling Machine. One such include the implementation of the industry standard G Codes which is based on ISO6983 data model, instead of X, Y, Z coordinate file. The G Code programming is a standardized way of controlling cutter motion. The CNC milling machine is capable of moving in steps as small as 1 tenth of a millimeter. Thus it is also recommended to improve the GUI so that it can cater for coordinates with one decimal point. The output of the CNC milling machine will improve drastically by having coordinates in mm to one decimal point. Another improvement that can be implemented on the GUI is using an abort button to cancel or abort the operations of the CNC Milling Machine. This is a standard safety feature which exists on most industrial machines including CNC machines.

Beneatha as a paradigm for African American Women in A Raisin in The Su

In Lorraine Hansberry’s 1959 play A Raisin in the Sun a number of social issues are both explicitly and subtly exemplified through out the characters experiences and relationships. Living in a cramped Chicago apartment, the Youngers’ display both influential goals and conflicting restraints. Beneatha Youngers is a controversial character; she complicates society’s typical gender roles, introduces the wrestle between assimilation and ancestry of African-Americans, but specifically serves as a paradigm for her generation in the play. When Beneatha is first introduced in the play, we see her waking up on a regular morning; she is living under the same confined circumstances as the rest of the characters. Prior to Beneatha’s entrance, the audience observes Walter and Ruth over breakfast. Walter begins to complain about â€Å"colored women† through out the play his character continually spits out patriarchal and misogynistic comments, often targeted at Beneatha. As he finishes his negative complaints, Beneatha enters. The long character description molds her persona. She is illustrated not as pretty but her â€Å"almost intellectual face has a handsomeness of its own†(Hansberry, 35). This specific use of handsome portrays her character as a sharp and unfeminine. Hansberry’s word choice is extremely intentional as she connects Beneatha with masculine qualities, which inherently matches the stereotype of her feminist personality. The fact that her face is also described as intellectual imp lies that she carries an intelligent look in her features. â€Å"Her speech is a mixture of many things; it is different from the rest of the family’s insofar as education has permeated her sense of English- and perhaps the Midwest rather than the south has final... ...list, but she grows to adapt idealist thinking. Her presence in the play was symbolically targeted toward the audience. She is both inspiring and relatable to any audience. At the play’s end it is Beneatha’s character that voices her future plans, even after they successfully move to Clybourne Heights. She proves her goal fluidity by wanting to practice her medical career in Africa, blending her two passions. Beneatha Youngers is the influential prototype for a generation of people, which history has validated. Works Cited Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York: Random House, 1958. Print. 2) Wilkerson, Margaret B. "'A Raisin in the Sun': Anniversary of an American Classic." Theatre Journal Johns Hopkins University Press Vol. 38, No. 4.Theatre of Color (1986): 441-452. JSTOR. Web. 29 Mar. 2012. .

Try Something New for 30 Days

Try something new for 30 days. Do you believe that by doing something new for 30 days can change our life? Is this possible†¦? The great American philosopher Morgan Spurlock says that 30 day challenges or trying something new for those days will change our life. Matt Cutts was ordinary computer scientist who couldn’t make a progress in his life. Nevertheless, after reading this book he had learned many things and made changes in 30 days. The question is will his idea does work to everyone..? I like this ideas a lot and definitely support it in right way and I believe that 30 days are enough to make changes in our life.It is an opportunity to start something new, and try something that you always wanted to do. Perhaps, it is all about adding new or subtracting â€Å"bad† habits and trying to set a goal or plans to accomplish in 30 days. This article shows us how Matt has made his life better by doing simple changes. First, if we want to make our life better, we shou ld set positive goals, than move forward and work to add a new habit, than try to stop unhealthy behaviors and habits. It means that we need to make simple changes like Matt did. For example; he was a computer dupe, however he had tried new simple things in 30 day which he had never done.Certainly we also can do it and make a better life. The best way to do these 30 day s challenges is to understand what we really want, than to be in the mood of it, and last thing is just start it. As a result it will give us many positive benefits. Furthermore, people can force their self to do many activities and become an organized. People who have bad habits as a smoking or drinking can change it by adding a new one. Smoking may replaced by some healthy foods. Consequently those changes can give an opportunity to keep their money also their health.Second is adding new habits, it can be everything which people have always wanted to do, however in 30 days it might change their life. I had a friend , who had no idea about music, but he has started to sing and singing became his habit. Now he is making good music career. In conclusion I would like to mention that many people fare afraid to do something new, because they got accustomed to these things. However Matts article motivated us to do something new by giving his advices and examples from his live. We can use his idea to control our goal, to schedule tasks and projects and make our life better.

Choking in Sports Essay

In 2007, Reeves, Tenenbaum, and Lidor conducted research in order to study what causes talented athletes to often fail to perform to the best of their abilities when placed under stressful situations. The purpose of the study was to discover whether athletes who participate in self-consciousness training adapt to pressure situations better than players who do not. To measure this, the researchers examined â€Å"choking† during kicking a soccer ball with participants of two different skill levels, low-skill and high-skill. The participants had to complete two different tasks, kicking a soccer penalty and a breakaway. They were placed under two pressure situations, both low and high, and the experimenters also had three different training conditions – single task, dual task, and self-consciousness. The high-skill players were members of a NCAA Division 1 women’s soccer team at a southeastern, United States university with at least ten years playing experience. There were 18 participants in the high-skill group ranging from 18 to 22 years of age. The low-skill players were junior varsity girl soccer players from two southeastern high schools. There were 19 participants in this group, ranging from age 14 to age 16. All of these participants were randomly assigned to one of the three training conditions. On the first day of the experiment, participants were told the purpose of the study and were asked to fill out performance information sheets as well as sign informed consents. Participants then warmed up and began performing the simple task of penalty kicks under low-pressure conditions. Before each kick, participants filled out the part of the psychological grid for that kick, and then performed the task. On the second day, the participants were split into two teams and told they would be competing for a prize. They were told that their competition would be videotaped and that a sports psychologist would evaluate their mental performance in front of the goal. The psychological grid was again filled out before each penalty kick. On the third day, the participants completed the complex task (breakaways) under low pressure conditions. On the fourth day, participants were told that the competition involving penalty kicks was unfair and that the competition needed to be replayed but with breakaways. The researchers found that choking occurred in the simple task of penalty kicks, but not in the more difficult task of breakaways. Also, the single-task and dual-task treatments experienced a decrease in performance under high-pressure situations. Meanwhile, participants who underwent self-consciousness training improved their performance under high-pressure situations. Reeves et al. used a repeated measure ANOVA with skill level and treatment as between-subjects factors and pressure condition and task complexity as within-subjects repeated measures on perceived pressure. This ANOVA was used to check for the effect of pressure on the participants, and a significant effect was found (F (1,31) = 32. 32, p < . 001). Repeated measures ANOVAs were also used to assess performance and perceived performance during the shooting tasks. There was a significant interaction of task difficulty and pressure condition on performance such that participants performed the simple task better under low-pressure (M = 12. 63, SD = 3. 35) than under high pressure (M = 11. 17, SD = 3. 24). However, they also found that the more difficult task was performed equally well under low- (M = 11. 08, SD = 2. 64) and high-pressure (M = 11. 25, SD = 2. 90) conditions. A significant interaction was also found between pressure condition and treatment as they affect performance. Participants in the dual-task treatment suffered decreases in performance when shifting from low- to high-pressure situations, whereas participants in the self-consciousness treatment group increased performance. The single-task treatment had the highest decreases in performance from low- to high-pressure situations. Significant interactions were also found between skill level and treatment condition such that low-skill players given self-consciousness and dual task training perceived their performance as higher than those in the single-task condition. However, high-skill players in the self-consciousness treatment perceived their performance as being lowest of all three treatments. Yet another analysis of the data showed a significant interaction between pressure and treatment on perceived arousal and pleasantness levels. One limitation of this particular study is that it only examined the effects of high pressure situations in female soccer players. Although this study did account for differences in skill level, players of a different sport may have had dissimilar results. Also, there may be gender differences when it comes to choking during performance. The authors discussed the possible limitations of this study in the discussion section. There it says, â€Å"Further explanation of what constitutes a simple and complex task under pressure situations and of the ability to generalize to other task types is needed to enhance our understanding of the choking phenomenon. The researchers go on to say that there was no significant difference in skill level shown. The results reported by the experimenters and the discussion section did seem to be consistent in their findings. Using the statistical analysis and results from the ANOVAs, the researchers explained what they found using previous theories on choking in high pressure situations. The results of this study supported the explicit monitoring theory to explain choking under pressure in proceduralized skills. On the other hand, distraction theories explain choking under pressure in cognitive skills. Both of these conclusions were supported by data in the results section of the paper. This study not only has implications for athletes, but for everyday life as well. Athletes should be aware of the pressure they are experiencing in different situations and be able to regulate their arousal when necessary. If an athlete is facing a difficult task under high pressure conditions, they should consider undergoing self-consciousness training to help increase their performance. Similarly, if a student is studying for an extremely difficult exam that will determine whether they pass or fail a course, they should use self-consciousness training to help them obtain the best grade possible. For simple tasks, both athletes and students should realize that being under an increased amount of pressure can result in lower performance. Therefore, when completing mundane tasks, athletes and students alike should decrease their arousal and be under as little pressure as possible to achieve optimum performance. In a study by Wang in 2004, researchers were examining â€Å"dispositional self-consciousness and trait anxiety as predictors of choking in sport. Sixty-six basketball players completed the Self-Consciousness Scale and the Sport Anxiety Scale prior to completing 20 free throws in low-pressure and high-pressure conditions. A manipulation check showed that participants experienced significantly higher levels of state anxiety in the high-pressure condition. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses supported the hypothesis that self-conscious athletes were more susceptible to choking under pressure. The best predictors of choking were private self-consciousness and somatic trait anxiety that together accounted for 35% of the explained variance. † If one is self-conscious, they are putting themselves under even more pressure than the situation at hand already is. Therefore, these athletes are already at a disadvantage when it comes to reaching optimum performance. The best athletes in the world have no trouble stepping onto the biggest stage and performing well on a consistent basis. Also, in terms of choking, another factor that seems to be important is how high one’s approach motivation is. Choking is the concept that one performs worse than expected in a situation that carries great importance. This is Michael Jordan hitting a game winner in game six, or Mr. October Reggie Jackson going yard to give the Yankees the lead, or even a young intern at the FBI figuring out the biggest case of his life that makes his career; except it’s not. Choking is bricking that shot, grounding out to the second baseman, and having someone else figure out your case for you and thus getting your promotion. Recent questions have been raised about the major causes of choking. Some believe that â€Å"motivation to avoid failure often may predict choking under pressure† (Jordet 2008). â€Å"In achievement motivation theories, avoidance motivation typically refers to behavior directed by negatively valenced events, whereas approach motivation refers to behavior directed by positively valenced events† (Jordet 2008). People who avoid failure often get worried more and are more likely to perform poorly (choking). People who approach it, are often more confident and have less anxiety and thus, tend to have better performance (Dweck 1988). In this study, the researchers hypothesized that, â€Å"elite performers who are in negative valence situations engage in avoidance behaviors and these behaviors may contribute to low performance† (Jordet 2008). This study uses the high pressure situation of a penalty kick in a soccer match to fill the gap in knowledge on real-world choking. A penalty kick occurs when two teams are tied after two overtime periods. Especially in big games such as the World Cup final, these shots are very high pressure moments. Studies on these shots suggest that the more important the shot, the worse people performed because of elevated stress and anxiety levels. Researchers for the current study hypothesized that players in negatively valenced situations would attempt evading the situation, while players with positively valenced shots would take their time to look at the goal keeper, line up their shot, and take the necessary time to prepare. The negatively valenced shots would have their back turned to the goal keeper and would get the shot over with as quickly as possible (Jordet 2008). The results of this study showed that whether one takes an approach or avoidance motivation can have an effect on whether professional athletes choke under high pressure situations. They found that soccer players especially tended to use avoidance behavior and thus made 30% less shots than with the positively valenced shots (Jordet 2008). Despite prior research that suggested that professionals who choked tended to take longer to shoot, the present study found that the athletes who shot quickly actually performed worse. There are two possible situations. Either, through hurrying up, the athlete is able to time their shot and put it where they want, or they rush their preparation and don’t focus in enough on where they need to place the ball and can therefore choke. Jordet states that more research needs to be done on the relationship between dreading the shot, waiting to shoot, and the result or performance on the shot. Researchers in this study included a neutrally valenced condition in which they found it was most related to the negatively valenced condition. Therefore they concluded that athletes in the positively valenced group simply strive under pressure i. Michael Jordan, etc. Jordan approached failure face to face and more often than not came away successful as a result. It is all dependent on what sort of success and patterns a player has developed over his or her career (Dweck 1988). If a player shows a pattern of stepping up and hitting a key shot, you can expect that he or she will perform better on a big stage because they are self-confident. If I were to perform further research on this subject, I would first attempt to create a model that would help explain the complex reasons for choking while performing tasks during different situations. This would help other teachers, coaches, and researchers use this information to foster the highest level of performance in athletes and others. Another possible direction for these findings is to have three conditions in a study, one in which a participant completes a proceduralized task, one for a cognitive task, and one for a task that is both cognitive and proceduralized. Using this design, I would be able to examine if the two theories interact or if they are separate. Another possible direction for research is to see if low-, moderate-, or high-skilled players are more likely to choke under pressure rather than simply studying the choking habits of just elite athletes. Finally, a personality psychologist could assess if different personality dispositions make an athlete more or less likely to choke than others. With further research and increased understanding of the choking phenomenon, sports psychologists could discover a technique to help decrease the chances of choking under high-pressure situations. This could help improve athletes’ confidence, self-esteem, and performance while competing.

Biology Investigation

Biology Investigation Aim: to investigate the effects of light and gravity on the growth of sunflower seeds. Background Info: Tropism is directional movement in response to a directional stimulus eg light or gravity. Plants are not able to relocate if they happen to start growing where conditions are nor perfect but they can alter their growth towards more favorable conditions. Plants respond to light (phototropism) where the stems grow towards the light and the roots grow away from the light. They also respond to gravity (geotropism) where the stems grow away from the ground and the roots grow towards the ground.Tropisms are controlled by auxins – a family of hormones that promote (and sometimes inhibit) growth. Sunflower seeds need regular watering in order to provide sufficient nutrients and ensure healthy and efficient growth. Hypothesis: I hypothesise that whatever orientation the seed is placed in, the shoot will always be positively phototropic and the root will always be positively geotropic, due to the basic laws of tropism. Risk Assessment: Hazard| Risk| Precautions/Disposal| Test tube breakage| Glass may cause injury to eyes or skin. | Be cautious when handling test tube; wear safety equipment such as safety glasses and gloves.Place in glass bin. | Puncturing boxes with scissors| Scissors may injure someone if there is an accident. | Assign somebody to hold the box steadily while they are being punctured. | Using forceps| May injure skin. | Hold forceps steady and try to avoid contact with skin. | Equipment: Geotropism * 4x large test tube * 4x filter paper * 4x sunflower seed * 1x test tube rack Phototropism * 1x cardboard box * 4x sunflower seed * 1x pair of scissors * 1x forceps * 4x test tube * 4x filter paper * 1x test tube rack Variables: Geotropism * Independent variable: orientation of sunflower seed Dependant variable: direction of growth of sunflower seed shoot and root * Constant variables: the test tube in which the seeds are kept, the place the test tube rack sits, the orientation of each seed Phototropism * Independent variable: orientation of sunflower seed, place of light source * Dependant variable: direction of growth of sunflower seed shoot and root * Constant variables: the box in which the seeds are kept, the place the box sits, the orientation of each seed, the materials used (filter paper, large test tube, test tube rack) Experimental Control: GeotropismOne of the test tubes was set up with a sunflower seed and the shoot facing up, the natural orientation. Phototropism A cardboard box was set up with hole punctures in the top and sides to allow light to get to the plants from all directions. Method: Geotropism * Collect equipment * Set up 4 large test tubes in a test tube rack and label them A, B, C and D. * Soak the 4 filter papers under water * Roll up one filter paper and place in test tube A, along with the sunflower seed shoot facing up to be the control. * Repeat step 4 but with test tube B, with the sunflower seed shoot facing down. Repeat step 4 but with test tube C, with the sunflower seed shoot facing right. * Repeat step 4 but with test tube D, with the sunflower seed shoot facing left. 1. Place in an area with adequate natural light 2. Water every day for 5 days, taking observations on the direction and length of growth on the seeds. Phototropism 1. Collect equipment 1. Set up 4 large test tubes in a test tube rack 1. Soak the 4 filter papers in water 1. Roll up filter paper and place in test tubes, along with the sunflower seeds with all shoots facing upward. 1. Label 3 cardboard boxes as 1. control, 2. eft, 3. right 1. Puncture 10 holes in both sides and the top of box 1 2. Puncture 10 holes in the left side of box 2 3. Puncture 10 holes in the right side of box3 4. Place a test tube rack in each box 5. Place in an area with adequate natural light 6. Water every day for 5 days, taking observations on the direction and length of growth on the seeds. Discussion Du ring the experiment, it was observed that sunflower seed shoots, regardless of their orientation, will almost always grow towards the light. Likewise, the root of the seeds will almost always grow towards the ground.This trend is due to the auxins in the plant, hormones that promote growth. When a seed is placed sideways, unnaturally, the auxins in the plant stimulate growth in the shoot to still curve upward towards the light, and in the root to curve downward towards the ground. The accuracy of this experiment was sound. The equipment used was the same for all groups and was reasonably suitable to the experiment as it allowed easily observable results, for example the glass test tubes allowed us to watch our seeds grow each day. However, watering the plants was not undertaken every day, affecting the overall accuracy.Having a specific required amount of water to water the plants each day would have been beneficial to the accuracy of the experiment. The reliability of this experime nt was poor. Most observations were not consistent. In many geotropism experiments, there were shoots that did not curve all the way down to the ground. This could have been due to the limited space they had between the glass of the test tube and the filter paper. The validity of this experiment was also poor. The constant variables were not very well controlled; the place in which the apparatus was set up changed, which meant different environmental conditions for the plants.The weather also changed every day, especially on Saturday when it was 41 degrees. This would have had an impact on the growth of the plants, and a burnt filter paper was observed, which could have been a result of the hot weather. The significant rise in temperature should have been predicted prior to the end of the school week so a more controlled environment could be created for the plants to have a consistent area to thrive in. To improve the accuracy and reliability of this experiment, a clearer and more s pecific method should be undertaken and a better set up of apparatus should be hought up to give the seeds more room to grow. However, the aim of investigating the effects of light and gravity on the growth of sunflower seeds was answered. This experiment is beneficial to society as it may assist gardeners, florists, other biologists etc in growing plants efficiently. Conclusion: Based on observations, our hypothesis of the shoot always being positively phototropic and the root being positively geotropic was supported, bringing us to the conclusion that light and gravity have a major impact on the growth of sunflower seeds no matter what the orientation.This is controlled by the auxins that respond to the light and gravity, promoting growth in the shoot of the seed to grow toward the light, and the root of the seed to grow toward the ground. Bibliography: Kimball, J W 2011,  Tropisms, viewed 27 November, 2012,  . Unknown, 2001,  Plant Hormones, viewed 27 November, 2012,  Ã‚  >.

Sales Opportunities for Acme Pet Products Case Study

Sales Opportunities for Acme Pet Products - Case Study Example This was not a problem, as the price of a two week stay in one of the best hotels in the capitol, Animallia, amounted to under $750 US and the cost of living is very low. Before traveling, I made appointments by telephone with the Minister for Tourism and Culture and the mayors of the five main coastal resorts, who were all agreeable to meetings with me in Animallia. Findings: A small country, covering 122 square miles, the island Republic of Felinacaneria lies 65 miles off the North West African Coast, in the North Atlantic Ocean. The climate is hot to warm, year round, with little rainfall and an arid terrain. The main income is derived from tourism, some fishing and wine. The currency is the bonio, worth 50 cents US, and while the economy is sound, wages are low, comprising $600-700 US per month. The population is 362,000 with 100,000 living in the capitol. There are five main tourist resorts and these, together with Animallia, provide most employment for the working population, about two fifths of overall population. As mentioned earlier, each family owns at least one dog and two cats. (See Table 1.) The Min... I also hoped to forecast sales opportunities available there. This project was proposed, authorized and agreed by CEO, George McIllicuddy and was limited to a budget of $5000 US and a timespan of two weeks. This was not a problem, as the price of a two week stay in one of the best hotels in the capitol, Animallia, amounted to under $750 US and the cost of living is very low. Before traveling, I made appointments by telephone with the Minister for Tourism and Culture and the mayors of the five main coastal resorts, who were all agreeable to meetings with me in Animallia. Findings: A small country, covering 122 square miles, the island Republic of Felinacaneria lies 65 miles off the North West African Coast, in the North Atlantic Ocean. The climate is hot to warm, year round, with little rainfall and an arid terrain. The main income is derived from tourism, some fishing and wine. The currency is the bonio, worth 50 cents US, and while the economy is sound, wages are low, comprising $600-700 US per month. The population is 362,000 with 100,000 living in the capitol. There are five main tourist resorts and these, together with Animallia, provide most employment for the working population, about two fifths of overall population. As mentioned earlier, each family owns at least one dog and two cats. (See Table 1.) 2. Pets and Population Distribution Figures -Table 1 Place Families Dogs Cats Animallia 20,000 1 2 Candia 10,200 2 2 Chocola 9,200 1 2 Marshmalla 9,400 1 3 Angelica 9,600 1 2 Hershia 9,000 1 2 Rural Areas 5,000 2 4 Source 2005 Census, Government House, Animallia As can be seen, the cat and dog population is large and ever growing, constituting a lot of waste and possible health and hygiene threats. The Minister